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| This glossary contains: 19186 medical terms |
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Telomer
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TelomerA small segment at the end of nuclear DNA that becomes shorter with every replication of the DNA. DNA will no longer replicate beyond a certain point of telomere reduction.
RELATED TERMS--------------------------------------
DNA
Deoxyribo-Nucleic acid. DNA molecules carry the genetic information necessary for the organization and functioning of most living cells and control the inheritance of characteristics.
SIMILAR TERMS--------------------------------------
Telogen effluvium
Thinning hair. Rarely results in actual baldness.
Telomerase
An enzyme composed of a catalytic protein component and an RNA template and that synthesizes the telomeric DNA at the ends of chromosomes. When active, telomerase can continually add to the length of the telomeres on the ends of chromosomes within a cell, thus conferring on that cell the ability to continue dividing past its normal lifespan.
Telomeres
"Caps" (made of repeated DNA sequences) found at the ends of chromosomes that protect the ends of the chromosomes from degradation. The telomeres on a chromosome shorten with each round of cell replication. Telomere shortening has been suggested to be a "clock" that regulates how many times an individual cell can divide (that is, when the telomeres of the chromosomes in a cell shorten past a particular point, the cell can no longer divide).
Telophase
The final stage of mitosis in which the chromosomes migrate to opposite poles, a new nuclear envelope forms, and the chromosomes uncoil. The last phase of nuclear division in eukaryotes when the segregated chromosomes uncoil and begin to reform nuclei. This is immediately followed (in most cases) by cytokinesis.
PREVIOUS AND NEXT TERMS--------------------------------------
Toxin
A poison formed as a specific secretion product in the metabolism of a vegetable or animal organism as distinguished from inorganic poisons. Such poisons can also be manufactured by synthetic processes.
Thrombocyte
Also known as platelets because of their small plate-like appearance. Their chief function is to initiate blood clotting when injury occurs.
Tissue
Biological tissue is a group of cells that perform a similar function.The study of tissues is known as histology, or, in connection with disease, histopathology.The classical tools for studying the tissues are the wax block, the tissue stain, and the optical microscope, though developments in electron microscopy, immunofluorescence, and frozen sections have all added to the sum of knowledge in the last couple of decades.
Thymine
A nitrogenous base, one member of the base pair AT (adenine-thymine).
Telomer
Testosterone
The hormone that promotes the building of muscle mass in males and libido in both sexes.
Thymus
The gland responsible for the production of certain white cells known as T-lymphocytes that are important for immune function. The thymus is very sensitive to excess cortisol.
Thyroid
The gland in the throat that synthesizes thyroid hormones that affect metabolism.
Thyroid-Releasing Hormone (TRH)
The hormone released from the hypothalamus. It instructs the pituitary to release TSH.
Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
The hormone released from the pituitary that causes the thyroid gland to produce T4 hormone. TSH uses the second messenger cyclic AMP to initiate the synthesis of T4.
RELATED TERMS--------------------------------------
DNA
Deoxyribo-Nucleic acid. DNA molecules carry the genetic information necessary for the organization and functioning of most living cells and control the inheritance of characteristics.
SIMILAR TERMS--------------------------------------
Telogen effluvium
Thinning hair. Rarely results in actual baldness.
Telomerase
An enzyme composed of a catalytic protein component and an RNA template and that synthesizes the telomeric DNA at the ends of chromosomes. When active, telomerase can continually add to the length of the telomeres on the ends of chromosomes within a cell, thus conferring on that cell the ability to continue dividing past its normal lifespan.
Telomeres
"Caps" (made of repeated DNA sequences) found at the ends of chromosomes that protect the ends of the chromosomes from degradation. The telomeres on a chromosome shorten with each round of cell replication. Telomere shortening has been suggested to be a "clock" that regulates how many times an individual cell can divide (that is, when the telomeres of the chromosomes in a cell shorten past a particular point, the cell can no longer divide).
Telophase
The final stage of mitosis in which the chromosomes migrate to opposite poles, a new nuclear envelope forms, and the chromosomes uncoil. The last phase of nuclear division in eukaryotes when the segregated chromosomes uncoil and begin to reform nuclei. This is immediately followed (in most cases) by cytokinesis.
PREVIOUS AND NEXT TERMS--------------------------------------
Toxin
A poison formed as a specific secretion product in the metabolism of a vegetable or animal organism as distinguished from inorganic poisons. Such poisons can also be manufactured by synthetic processes.
Thrombocyte
Also known as platelets because of their small plate-like appearance. Their chief function is to initiate blood clotting when injury occurs.
Tissue
Biological tissue is a group of cells that perform a similar function.The study of tissues is known as histology, or, in connection with disease, histopathology.The classical tools for studying the tissues are the wax block, the tissue stain, and the optical microscope, though developments in electron microscopy, immunofluorescence, and frozen sections have all added to the sum of knowledge in the last couple of decades.
Thymine
A nitrogenous base, one member of the base pair AT (adenine-thymine).
Telomer
Testosterone
The hormone that promotes the building of muscle mass in males and libido in both sexes.
Thymus
The gland responsible for the production of certain white cells known as T-lymphocytes that are important for immune function. The thymus is very sensitive to excess cortisol.
Thyroid
The gland in the throat that synthesizes thyroid hormones that affect metabolism.
Thyroid-Releasing Hormone (TRH)
The hormone released from the hypothalamus. It instructs the pituitary to release TSH.
Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
The hormone released from the pituitary that causes the thyroid gland to produce T4 hormone. TSH uses the second messenger cyclic AMP to initiate the synthesis of T4.
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This dictionary contains 19186 terms.
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