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| This glossary contains: 19186 medical terms |
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Monoploid
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Monoploid A cell having only one chromosome set (usually as an aberration) or an organism composed of such cells.
RELATED TERMS--------------------------------------
Cell
Fundamental structural unit of all life. The cell consists primarily of an outer plasma membrane, which separates it from the environment; the genetic material (DNA), which encodes heritable information for the maintainance of life; and the cytoplasm, a heterogeneous assemblage of ions, molecules, and fluid.
Chromosome
A structural unit within a eukaryotic nucleus that carries genes. A chromosome consists of a long, continuous strand of DNA and associated proteins.
Organism
A living thing, such as an animal, a plant, a bacterium, or a fungus.
SIMILAR TERMS--------------------------------------
Mono-diet (monophagic diet)
Any regimen characterized by|(a) restriction of food intake to one specific kind of food, or (b) restriction of each meal to one specific kind of food (e.g., porridge alone for breakfast, fruits alone for lunch, and meat alone for dinner).
Monoamine oxidase
MAO. An enzyme that breaks down dopamine. There are two types of MAO "A" and "B." In Parkinson's disease, it is beneficial to block the activity of MAO B.
Monochromat
An individual with only one spectral channel (i.e. retina receptors have the same spectral sensitivity).
Monocid
Monocid is a prescription or over-the-counter drug which is (or once was) approved in the United States and possibly in other countries. Active ingredient(s): cefonicid sodium.
Monoclonal
Literally, coming from a single clone. A clone is the progeny of a single cell. In immunology, monoclonal generally describes a preparation of antibody that is monogenous, or cells of a single specificity.
Monoclonal antibodies
Very pure antibodies produced artificially. Normally used in laboratory tests but have been used experimentally for treatment of some diseases.
Monoclonal antibodies (MAB)
A biological response modifier with unique "homing device" properties. Chemicals or radiation tagged to the MAB may be delivered directly to tumor cells. Or, the MAB itself may be capable of tumor cell destruction.
Monocular depth cues
Relative size, texture gradients, perspective, shadow, height of retina image, interposition, motion parallax.
Monocular vision
A condition in which one eye is blind, or in which one eye refuses to register images in co-ordination with the better eye.
Monocular zone
The areas of the visual field from which light projects only to one of the eyes. See also Binocular Zone.
Monocyte
Large circulating white cell, 2-10% of total white cells, phagocytic, indented nucleus. Migrates to tissues, where it is known as a macrophage.
Monodox
Monodox is a prescription or over-the-counter drug which is (or once was) approved in the United States and possibly in other countries. Active ingredient(s): doxycycline.
Monoket
Monoket is a prescription or over-the-counter drug which is (or once was) approved in the United States and possibly in other countries. Active ingredient(s): isosorbide mononitrate.
Monokines
Soluble substances secreted by monocytes, which have a variety of effects on other cells.
Monomorphism
Having not male and female, but only one sexual form or manifestation in a species as, for example, in those species of lizard that reproduce by parthenogenesis.
Mononeuropathy
A form of diabetic neuropathy affecting a single nerve. The eye is a common site for this form of nerve damage.|See also: Neuropathy.
Mononucleosis
A viral illness characterized by severe fatigue, swollen glands, sore throat, and fever.
Monopril
Monopril is a prescription or over-the-counter drug which is (or once was) approved in the United States and possibly in other countries. Active ingredient(s): fosinopril sodium.
Monopril-hct
Monopril-hct is a prescription or over-the-counter drug which is (or once was) approved in the United States and possibly in other countries. Active ingredient(s): fosinopril sodium; hydrochlorothiazide.
Monoptic stimulation
When only one eye views an image (the other eye being closed or occluded). See also Binoptic Stimulation and Dichoptic Stimulation.
Monosexual
Characterized by either exclusively heterosexual or exclusively homosexual contacts either in genital acts or as a long-term sexuoerotic status.
Monounsaturated Fat
A fat composed mostly of monounsaturated fatty acids.
Monounsaturated fats
Dietary fats, such as olive oil or canola oil, that don't seem to have any affect on blood cholesterol.
Monozygotic twins
Twins derived from one egg and one sperm (often called identical twins).
PREVIOUS AND NEXT TERMS--------------------------------------
Mesothelium
Tissue formed by specialized cells lining the chest, abdominal cavities, and the outer surface of most internal organs. Mesothelium helps protect the organs by producing a lubricating fluid that allows the organs to move.
Measles
Childhood infectious disease causing rash and fever. A viral infection that may cause hearing loss. It does not always lead to hearing loss, but it can cause a wide range of sensorineural hearing loss from monaural to binaural and mild to profound in degree. Measles has historically been a common childhood disease with rare complications. Mass vaccination has resulted in a dramatic decline in measles incidence, but outbreaks now occur in older populations and in infants born to women whose immunity from vaccination has deteriorated. Periodic epidemics continue to occur. The vaccine is associated with serious adverse reactions including permanent nervous system damage and thrombocytopenia (a decrease in blood platelets responsible for blood clotting with accompanying spontaneous bleeding) all resulting from autoimmune disease triggered by the vaccine. Long-term effects are unknown.
Microorganism
An organism that can be seen only under a microscope. Categories of microorganisms include Algae, Bacteria, Fungi, Protozoa, Viruses, or Subviral Agents. Also referred to as microbe.
Microbe
Microscopic organism, especially one that transmits a disease.
Melanoma
The most dangerous of all skin cancers, melanoma is characterized by the uncontrolled growth of pigment-producing tanning cells (melanocytes). If detected in the early stages, melanoma can often be treated successfully, but in the later stages it spreads to other organs and can result in death.
Monoploid
Molecular
Refers to the basic building blocks of the genetic material, such as DNA, genes and the other chemicals involved with the functioning of genes.
Microscope
A microscope (Greek: micron = small and scopos = aim) is an instrument for viewing objects that are too small to be seen by the naked or unaided eye. The science of investigating small objects using such an instrument is called microscopy, and the term microscopic means minute or very small, not easily visible with the unaided eye. In other words, requiring a microscope to examine.
Menstrual flow
Flow of blood from the uterus; occurs at roughly monthly intervals during a woman's reproductive years.
Menorrhea
Flow of blood from the uterus; occurs at roughly monthly intervals during a woman's reproductive years.
Menstrual period
The menstrual cycle is the periodic change in a woman's body that occurs every month between puberty and menopause and that relates to reproduction. The average human menstrual cycle, regulated by hormones, takes 28 days, but it can range from 21 to 35 days.
RELATED TERMS--------------------------------------
Cell
Fundamental structural unit of all life. The cell consists primarily of an outer plasma membrane, which separates it from the environment; the genetic material (DNA), which encodes heritable information for the maintainance of life; and the cytoplasm, a heterogeneous assemblage of ions, molecules, and fluid.
Chromosome
A structural unit within a eukaryotic nucleus that carries genes. A chromosome consists of a long, continuous strand of DNA and associated proteins.
Organism
A living thing, such as an animal, a plant, a bacterium, or a fungus.
SIMILAR TERMS--------------------------------------
Mono-diet (monophagic diet)
Any regimen characterized by|(a) restriction of food intake to one specific kind of food, or (b) restriction of each meal to one specific kind of food (e.g., porridge alone for breakfast, fruits alone for lunch, and meat alone for dinner).
Monoamine oxidase
MAO. An enzyme that breaks down dopamine. There are two types of MAO "A" and "B." In Parkinson's disease, it is beneficial to block the activity of MAO B.
Monochromat
An individual with only one spectral channel (i.e. retina receptors have the same spectral sensitivity).
Monocid
Monocid is a prescription or over-the-counter drug which is (or once was) approved in the United States and possibly in other countries. Active ingredient(s): cefonicid sodium.
Monoclonal
Literally, coming from a single clone. A clone is the progeny of a single cell. In immunology, monoclonal generally describes a preparation of antibody that is monogenous, or cells of a single specificity.
Monoclonal antibodies
Very pure antibodies produced artificially. Normally used in laboratory tests but have been used experimentally for treatment of some diseases.
Monoclonal antibodies (MAB)
A biological response modifier with unique "homing device" properties. Chemicals or radiation tagged to the MAB may be delivered directly to tumor cells. Or, the MAB itself may be capable of tumor cell destruction.
Monocular depth cues
Relative size, texture gradients, perspective, shadow, height of retina image, interposition, motion parallax.
Monocular vision
A condition in which one eye is blind, or in which one eye refuses to register images in co-ordination with the better eye.
Monocular zone
The areas of the visual field from which light projects only to one of the eyes. See also Binocular Zone.
Monocyte
Large circulating white cell, 2-10% of total white cells, phagocytic, indented nucleus. Migrates to tissues, where it is known as a macrophage.
Monodox
Monodox is a prescription or over-the-counter drug which is (or once was) approved in the United States and possibly in other countries. Active ingredient(s): doxycycline.
Monoket
Monoket is a prescription or over-the-counter drug which is (or once was) approved in the United States and possibly in other countries. Active ingredient(s): isosorbide mononitrate.
Monokines
Soluble substances secreted by monocytes, which have a variety of effects on other cells.
Monomorphism
Having not male and female, but only one sexual form or manifestation in a species as, for example, in those species of lizard that reproduce by parthenogenesis.
Mononeuropathy
A form of diabetic neuropathy affecting a single nerve. The eye is a common site for this form of nerve damage.|See also: Neuropathy.
Mononucleosis
A viral illness characterized by severe fatigue, swollen glands, sore throat, and fever.
Monopril
Monopril is a prescription or over-the-counter drug which is (or once was) approved in the United States and possibly in other countries. Active ingredient(s): fosinopril sodium.
Monopril-hct
Monopril-hct is a prescription or over-the-counter drug which is (or once was) approved in the United States and possibly in other countries. Active ingredient(s): fosinopril sodium; hydrochlorothiazide.
Monoptic stimulation
When only one eye views an image (the other eye being closed or occluded). See also Binoptic Stimulation and Dichoptic Stimulation.
Monosexual
Characterized by either exclusively heterosexual or exclusively homosexual contacts either in genital acts or as a long-term sexuoerotic status.
Monounsaturated Fat
A fat composed mostly of monounsaturated fatty acids.
Monounsaturated fats
Dietary fats, such as olive oil or canola oil, that don't seem to have any affect on blood cholesterol.
Monozygotic twins
Twins derived from one egg and one sperm (often called identical twins).
PREVIOUS AND NEXT TERMS--------------------------------------
Mesothelium
Tissue formed by specialized cells lining the chest, abdominal cavities, and the outer surface of most internal organs. Mesothelium helps protect the organs by producing a lubricating fluid that allows the organs to move.
Measles
Childhood infectious disease causing rash and fever. A viral infection that may cause hearing loss. It does not always lead to hearing loss, but it can cause a wide range of sensorineural hearing loss from monaural to binaural and mild to profound in degree. Measles has historically been a common childhood disease with rare complications. Mass vaccination has resulted in a dramatic decline in measles incidence, but outbreaks now occur in older populations and in infants born to women whose immunity from vaccination has deteriorated. Periodic epidemics continue to occur. The vaccine is associated with serious adverse reactions including permanent nervous system damage and thrombocytopenia (a decrease in blood platelets responsible for blood clotting with accompanying spontaneous bleeding) all resulting from autoimmune disease triggered by the vaccine. Long-term effects are unknown.
Microorganism
An organism that can be seen only under a microscope. Categories of microorganisms include Algae, Bacteria, Fungi, Protozoa, Viruses, or Subviral Agents. Also referred to as microbe.
Microbe
Microscopic organism, especially one that transmits a disease.
Melanoma
The most dangerous of all skin cancers, melanoma is characterized by the uncontrolled growth of pigment-producing tanning cells (melanocytes). If detected in the early stages, melanoma can often be treated successfully, but in the later stages it spreads to other organs and can result in death.
Monoploid
Molecular
Refers to the basic building blocks of the genetic material, such as DNA, genes and the other chemicals involved with the functioning of genes.
Microscope
A microscope (Greek: micron = small and scopos = aim) is an instrument for viewing objects that are too small to be seen by the naked or unaided eye. The science of investigating small objects using such an instrument is called microscopy, and the term microscopic means minute or very small, not easily visible with the unaided eye. In other words, requiring a microscope to examine.
Menstrual flow
Flow of blood from the uterus; occurs at roughly monthly intervals during a woman's reproductive years.
Menorrhea
Flow of blood from the uterus; occurs at roughly monthly intervals during a woman's reproductive years.
Menstrual period
The menstrual cycle is the periodic change in a woman's body that occurs every month between puberty and menopause and that relates to reproduction. The average human menstrual cycle, regulated by hormones, takes 28 days, but it can range from 21 to 35 days.
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This dictionary contains 19186 terms.
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