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| This glossary contains: 19186 medical terms |
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Intensive Management
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Intensive ManagementA form of treatment for insulin-dependent diabetes in which the main objective is to keep blood glucose (sugar) levels as close to the normal range as possible. The treatment consists of three or more insulin injections a day or use of an insulin pump; four or more blood glucose tests a day; adjustment of insulin, food intake, and activity levels based on blood glucose test results; dietary counseling; and management by a diabetes team.
RELATED TERMS--------------------------------------
Diabetes
A condition in which blood glucose is not well controlled. Type I diabetics make no insulin, whereas type 2 diabetics are characterized by the overproduction of insulin, but the inability of the target cells to respond to the insulin.
Blood
The life-maintaining fluid which is made up of plasma, red blood cells (erythrocytes), white blood cells (leukocytes), and platelets; blood circulates through the body's heart, arteries, veins, and capillaries; it carries away waste matter and carbon dioxide, and brings nourishment, electrolytes, hormones, vitamins, antibodies, heat, and oxygen to the tissues.
Glucose
The only simple carbohydrate that circulates in the bloodstream. Glucose is the primary fuel used by the brain. It can also be stored in the liver and muscles in a polymer form known as glycogen.
Insulin
The hormone that drives incoming nutrients into cells for storage. Excess insulin is the primary pillar of aging.
Food
Any substance eaten to provide nutritional support for the body.
SIMILAR TERMS--------------------------------------
Integrated Health Service
The Integrated Health Service is a hospital in Erie, Pennsylvania, United States.
Integrated Health Services
The Integrated Health Services is a hospital in Canonsburg, Pennsylvania, United States.
Integration
The useful organization and incorporation of both new and old data, experience, and emotional capacities into the personality. Also refers to the organization and amalgamation of functions at various levels of psychosexual development.
Integrilin
Integrilin is a prescription or over-the-counter drug which is (or once was) approved in the United States and possibly in other countries. Active ingredient(s): eptifibatide.
Integrins
Family of glycoproteins involved in connecting the cytoskeleton to the extracellular environment.
INTEGRIS Baptist Regional Health Center
INTEGRIS Baptist Regional Health Center is a hospital in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma (USA).
INTEGRIS Bass Baptist Health Center
INTEGRIS Bass Baptist Health Center is a hospital in Enid, Oklahoma (USA).
INTEGRIS Health
INTEGRIS Health is a hospital in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma (USA).
Integument
Skin.
Intellectualization
A mental mechanism in which the person engages in excessive abstract thinking to avoid confrontation with conflicts or disturbing feelings.
Intensive care unit
A department of a hospital where an individual can be constantly and closely monitored.
Intensive Care Unit (ICU)
A special nursing area devoted to providing continuous and immediate care to seriously ill patients.
Intention-to-treat principle
The principle that asserts that the effect of a treatment policy can be best assessed by evaluating, on the basis of the intention to treat a subject (that is, the planned treatment regimen) rather than the actual treatment given. It has the consequence that subjects allocated to a treatment group should be followed up, assessed and analysed as members of that group irrespective of their compliance to the planned course of treatment.
Interaction (qualitative and quantitative)
The situation in which a treatment contrast (for example, difference between investigational product and control) is dependent on another factor (for example, centre). A quantitative interaction refers to the case where the magnitude of the contrast differs at the different levels of the factor, whereas for a qualitative interaction the direction of the contrast differs for at least one level of the factor.
Interaxillary
In the armpit, or between the upper arm and lateral chest.
Intercalated zones
Areas of cells falling between the parvocellular and magnocellular layers.
Intercellular
Between two cells.
Intercourse
Connection or interaction between people. In sexual intercourse, the connection is usually defined as being between two people. It is erroneously restricted to putting the penis into the vagina (or anus) or the vagina (or anus) onto the penis (penovaginal or penoanal intercourse, respectively). The entire sexual interaction between the partners constitutes sexual intercourse. 2. Connection or interaction between people. In sexual intercourse, the connection is usually defined as being between two people. It is erroneously defined as putting the penis into the vagina (penovaginal intercourse), for the entire sexual interaction between the partners constitutes sexual intercourse.
Interfemoral
Between the thighs.
Interferon
A group of proteins having antiviral activity and capable of enhancing and modifying the immune response.
Interictal
Pertaining to the interval between epileptic seizures and seizure-like attacks.
Interim analysis
Any analysis intended to compare treatment arms with respect to efficacy or safety at any time prior to the formal completion of a trial, usually only completed in blinded trials, for a DMC review.
Interim clinical trial/study report
A report of intermediate results and their evaluation based on analyses performed during the course of a trial, usually prepared for review by DMC.
Interleukins
A family of cytokines produced by leucocytes
Intermammary
Between the breasts.
Intermittent Claudication
Pain in the muscles of the leg that occurs off and on, usually while walking or exercising, and results in lameness (claudication). The pain results from a narrowing of the blood vessels feeding the muscle. Drugs are available to treat this condition.
Intermountain Healthcare
Intermountain Healthcare is a hospital in Salt Lake City, Utah (USA).
Intern
A medical doctor who has completed medical school and is in the first year of additional training.
Internal consistency
A property of data that does not contradict itself.
Internal image
A spatial configuration of the combining site of an anti-idiotype antibody which resembles the epitope to which the idiotype is directed.
Internal Medicine
A broad-based medical field in which physicians rely on their knowledge of major organs to diagnose and treat patients. Internists treat a variety of afflictions, from colds and heart problems to infectious diseases. Internists often serve as a patient's primary doctor, coordinating all that person's health care
Internal medicine doctor
A medical doctor who specializes in Internal medicine.
Internist
An advanced student or graduate in medicine gaining supervised practical experience.
Interocclusal
Space between upper and lower teeth.
Interocular motion display
A motion display in which the motion stimulus in each eye of the observer is ambiguous, yet perception of coherent motion is possible if the subject combines motion information from both the eyes.
Interproximal
Surfaces of adjoining teeth
Interrater reliability
The property of yielding equivalent results when used by different raters on different occasions.
Intersex condition
A condition in which an individual shows intermingling, in various degrees, of the characteristics of each sex, including physical form, reproductive organs, and sexual behavior.
Intersexuality
An alternative term for hermaphroditism. In past usage, a genetic etiology was sometimes assumed for intersexuality, and a hormonal etiology for hermaphroditism, but the distinction is now known to be untenable.
Interstitial radiation therapy
The implantation of radioactive seeds directly into a tumor.
Interstitial space
The space between the endothelial cells and target cells, such as the liver or the smooth muscle cells that line the vascular bed.
Intervention
In healthcare, any attempt (particularly one that is professional), or mode of attempting, to modify a medical situation.
Intestinal flora
The bacteria, yeasts, and fungi that grow normally in the intestines.
Intestinal mucosa
The surface lining of the intestines where the cells absorb nutrients.
Intestine
The tube involved in digestion and extending from the stomach to the anus. Consists of the small intestine and the large intestine.
Intestines
See large intestine and small intestine. Also called gut.
PREVIOUS AND NEXT TERMS--------------------------------------
Insulin Receptors
Areas on the outer part of a cell that allow the cell to join or bind with insulin that is in the blood. When the cell and insulin bind together, the cell can take glucose (sugar) from the blood and use it for energy.
Insulin Sensitizer
Any of several diabetes medications that reduce insulin resistance. Examples include metformin (Glucophage) and the thiazolidinediones (or "glitazones") rosiglitazone (Avandia) and pioglitazone (Actos).
Insulin Shock
A term no longer used. See Hypoglycemia; insulin reaction.
Insulinoma
A tumor of the beta cells in areas of the pancreas called the islets of Langerhans. Although not usually cancerous, such tumors may cause the body to make extra insulin and may lead to a blood glucose (sugar) level that is too low.
Intermittent Claudication
Pain in the muscles of the leg that occurs off and on, usually while walking or exercising, and results in lameness (claudication). The pain results from a narrowing of the blood vessels feeding the muscle. Drugs are available to treat this condition.
Intensive Management
Intramuscular Injection
Putting a fluid into a muscle with a needle and syringe.
Intravenous Injection
Putting a fluid into a vein with a needle and syringe.
IAA antiinsulin
GAD65 anti glutamic acid decarboxylase |ICA512 a specific islet cell antibody |EMA antiendomyseal antibodies (a test for celiac synmdrome, another autoimmune disorder occurring in 5% of new-onset Type 1 diabetes)
Islet Cell Transplantation
Moving the beta (islet) cells from a donor pancreas and putting them into a person whose pancreas has stopped producing insulin. The beta cells make the insulin that the body needs to use glucose (sugar) for energy. Although transplanting islet cells may one day help people with diabetes, the procedure is still in the research stage. Transplantation of the pancreas itself is surgically feasible, and is sometimes advised for some patients. |See also: Pancreas Transplant.
IMPLANTS
Dental Implants are titanium inserts that are surgically placed into the jawbone by an oral surgeon or a periodontist, and then allowed to integrate into the bone. This process may take up to six months. The implants then can be restored with a post and an artificial tooth that is either screwed into the implant or cemented onto the implant. Implants are more costly than crowns, dentures or bridges and are appropriate only for patients who demonstrate good oral hygiene. Implants enable the dentist to provide the patient with artificial teeth that look and function much more like natural teeth and are as secure as natural teeth. Implants also may be attached to a denture to allow denture wearers a more secure and functional option. Patients must follow the proper home care instructions and visit the dentist at the recommended intervals or the implants can fail or fracture. There are no strict age limitations as to who can receive implants; in fact, implants have been placed on children, adults and the elderly.
RELATED TERMS--------------------------------------
Diabetes
A condition in which blood glucose is not well controlled. Type I diabetics make no insulin, whereas type 2 diabetics are characterized by the overproduction of insulin, but the inability of the target cells to respond to the insulin.
Blood
The life-maintaining fluid which is made up of plasma, red blood cells (erythrocytes), white blood cells (leukocytes), and platelets; blood circulates through the body's heart, arteries, veins, and capillaries; it carries away waste matter and carbon dioxide, and brings nourishment, electrolytes, hormones, vitamins, antibodies, heat, and oxygen to the tissues.
Glucose
The only simple carbohydrate that circulates in the bloodstream. Glucose is the primary fuel used by the brain. It can also be stored in the liver and muscles in a polymer form known as glycogen.
Insulin
The hormone that drives incoming nutrients into cells for storage. Excess insulin is the primary pillar of aging.
Food
Any substance eaten to provide nutritional support for the body.
SIMILAR TERMS--------------------------------------
Integrated Health Service
The Integrated Health Service is a hospital in Erie, Pennsylvania, United States.
Integrated Health Services
The Integrated Health Services is a hospital in Canonsburg, Pennsylvania, United States.
Integration
The useful organization and incorporation of both new and old data, experience, and emotional capacities into the personality. Also refers to the organization and amalgamation of functions at various levels of psychosexual development.
Integrilin
Integrilin is a prescription or over-the-counter drug which is (or once was) approved in the United States and possibly in other countries. Active ingredient(s): eptifibatide.
Integrins
Family of glycoproteins involved in connecting the cytoskeleton to the extracellular environment.
INTEGRIS Baptist Regional Health Center
INTEGRIS Baptist Regional Health Center is a hospital in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma (USA).
INTEGRIS Bass Baptist Health Center
INTEGRIS Bass Baptist Health Center is a hospital in Enid, Oklahoma (USA).
INTEGRIS Health
INTEGRIS Health is a hospital in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma (USA).
Integument
Skin.
Intellectualization
A mental mechanism in which the person engages in excessive abstract thinking to avoid confrontation with conflicts or disturbing feelings.
Intensive care unit
A department of a hospital where an individual can be constantly and closely monitored.
Intensive Care Unit (ICU)
A special nursing area devoted to providing continuous and immediate care to seriously ill patients.
Intention-to-treat principle
The principle that asserts that the effect of a treatment policy can be best assessed by evaluating, on the basis of the intention to treat a subject (that is, the planned treatment regimen) rather than the actual treatment given. It has the consequence that subjects allocated to a treatment group should be followed up, assessed and analysed as members of that group irrespective of their compliance to the planned course of treatment.
Interaction (qualitative and quantitative)
The situation in which a treatment contrast (for example, difference between investigational product and control) is dependent on another factor (for example, centre). A quantitative interaction refers to the case where the magnitude of the contrast differs at the different levels of the factor, whereas for a qualitative interaction the direction of the contrast differs for at least one level of the factor.
Interaxillary
In the armpit, or between the upper arm and lateral chest.
Intercalated zones
Areas of cells falling between the parvocellular and magnocellular layers.
Intercellular
Between two cells.
Intercourse
Connection or interaction between people. In sexual intercourse, the connection is usually defined as being between two people. It is erroneously restricted to putting the penis into the vagina (or anus) or the vagina (or anus) onto the penis (penovaginal or penoanal intercourse, respectively). The entire sexual interaction between the partners constitutes sexual intercourse. 2. Connection or interaction between people. In sexual intercourse, the connection is usually defined as being between two people. It is erroneously defined as putting the penis into the vagina (penovaginal intercourse), for the entire sexual interaction between the partners constitutes sexual intercourse.
Interfemoral
Between the thighs.
Interferon
A group of proteins having antiviral activity and capable of enhancing and modifying the immune response.
Interictal
Pertaining to the interval between epileptic seizures and seizure-like attacks.
Interim analysis
Any analysis intended to compare treatment arms with respect to efficacy or safety at any time prior to the formal completion of a trial, usually only completed in blinded trials, for a DMC review.
Interim clinical trial/study report
A report of intermediate results and their evaluation based on analyses performed during the course of a trial, usually prepared for review by DMC.
Interleukins
A family of cytokines produced by leucocytes
Intermammary
Between the breasts.
Intermittent Claudication
Pain in the muscles of the leg that occurs off and on, usually while walking or exercising, and results in lameness (claudication). The pain results from a narrowing of the blood vessels feeding the muscle. Drugs are available to treat this condition.
Intermountain Healthcare
Intermountain Healthcare is a hospital in Salt Lake City, Utah (USA).
Intern
A medical doctor who has completed medical school and is in the first year of additional training.
Internal consistency
A property of data that does not contradict itself.
Internal image
A spatial configuration of the combining site of an anti-idiotype antibody which resembles the epitope to which the idiotype is directed.
Internal Medicine
A broad-based medical field in which physicians rely on their knowledge of major organs to diagnose and treat patients. Internists treat a variety of afflictions, from colds and heart problems to infectious diseases. Internists often serve as a patient's primary doctor, coordinating all that person's health care
Internal medicine doctor
A medical doctor who specializes in Internal medicine.
Internist
An advanced student or graduate in medicine gaining supervised practical experience.
Interocclusal
Space between upper and lower teeth.
Interocular motion display
A motion display in which the motion stimulus in each eye of the observer is ambiguous, yet perception of coherent motion is possible if the subject combines motion information from both the eyes.
Interproximal
Surfaces of adjoining teeth
Interrater reliability
The property of yielding equivalent results when used by different raters on different occasions.
Intersex condition
A condition in which an individual shows intermingling, in various degrees, of the characteristics of each sex, including physical form, reproductive organs, and sexual behavior.
Intersexuality
An alternative term for hermaphroditism. In past usage, a genetic etiology was sometimes assumed for intersexuality, and a hormonal etiology for hermaphroditism, but the distinction is now known to be untenable.
Interstitial radiation therapy
The implantation of radioactive seeds directly into a tumor.
Interstitial space
The space between the endothelial cells and target cells, such as the liver or the smooth muscle cells that line the vascular bed.
Intervention
In healthcare, any attempt (particularly one that is professional), or mode of attempting, to modify a medical situation.
Intestinal flora
The bacteria, yeasts, and fungi that grow normally in the intestines.
Intestinal mucosa
The surface lining of the intestines where the cells absorb nutrients.
Intestine
The tube involved in digestion and extending from the stomach to the anus. Consists of the small intestine and the large intestine.
Intestines
See large intestine and small intestine. Also called gut.
PREVIOUS AND NEXT TERMS--------------------------------------
Insulin Receptors
Areas on the outer part of a cell that allow the cell to join or bind with insulin that is in the blood. When the cell and insulin bind together, the cell can take glucose (sugar) from the blood and use it for energy.
Insulin Sensitizer
Any of several diabetes medications that reduce insulin resistance. Examples include metformin (Glucophage) and the thiazolidinediones (or "glitazones") rosiglitazone (Avandia) and pioglitazone (Actos).
Insulin Shock
A term no longer used. See Hypoglycemia; insulin reaction.
Insulinoma
A tumor of the beta cells in areas of the pancreas called the islets of Langerhans. Although not usually cancerous, such tumors may cause the body to make extra insulin and may lead to a blood glucose (sugar) level that is too low.
Intermittent Claudication
Pain in the muscles of the leg that occurs off and on, usually while walking or exercising, and results in lameness (claudication). The pain results from a narrowing of the blood vessels feeding the muscle. Drugs are available to treat this condition.
Intensive Management
Intramuscular Injection
Putting a fluid into a muscle with a needle and syringe.
Intravenous Injection
Putting a fluid into a vein with a needle and syringe.
IAA antiinsulin
GAD65 anti glutamic acid decarboxylase |ICA512 a specific islet cell antibody |EMA antiendomyseal antibodies (a test for celiac synmdrome, another autoimmune disorder occurring in 5% of new-onset Type 1 diabetes)
Islet Cell Transplantation
Moving the beta (islet) cells from a donor pancreas and putting them into a person whose pancreas has stopped producing insulin. The beta cells make the insulin that the body needs to use glucose (sugar) for energy. Although transplanting islet cells may one day help people with diabetes, the procedure is still in the research stage. Transplantation of the pancreas itself is surgically feasible, and is sometimes advised for some patients. |See also: Pancreas Transplant.
IMPLANTS
Dental Implants are titanium inserts that are surgically placed into the jawbone by an oral surgeon or a periodontist, and then allowed to integrate into the bone. This process may take up to six months. The implants then can be restored with a post and an artificial tooth that is either screwed into the implant or cemented onto the implant. Implants are more costly than crowns, dentures or bridges and are appropriate only for patients who demonstrate good oral hygiene. Implants enable the dentist to provide the patient with artificial teeth that look and function much more like natural teeth and are as secure as natural teeth. Implants also may be attached to a denture to allow denture wearers a more secure and functional option. Patients must follow the proper home care instructions and visit the dentist at the recommended intervals or the implants can fail or fracture. There are no strict age limitations as to who can receive implants; in fact, implants have been placed on children, adults and the elderly.
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This dictionary contains 19186 terms.
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