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Guanine
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Guanine (guanine triphosphate) One of the 4 types of nucleotides that make up DNA. Base pairs with cytosine by 3 hydrogen bonds.
RELATED TERMS--------------------------------------
Nucleotides
The components of DNA, consisting of phosphate, a sugar derivative and one of the following bases: adenine, cytosine, guanine, or thymine. They are represented by their initial letters in a nucleotide sequence.
DNA
Deoxyribo-Nucleic acid. DNA molecules carry the genetic information necessary for the organization and functioning of most living cells and control the inheritance of characteristics.
Base
A chemical compound that either donates hydroxide ions or absorbs hydrogen ions when dissolved in water. Bases and acids are referred to as opposites because the effect of an acid is to increase the hydronium ion concentration in water, whereas bases reduce this concentration. Arrhenius bases are water-soluble and always have a pH greater than 7 in solution.
Cytosine
One of the pyrimidine nitrogenous bases occurring in both DNA and RNA.
SIMILAR TERMS--------------------------------------
Guanabenz acetate
Guanabenz acetate is a prescription or over-the-counter drug which is (or once was) approved in the United States and possibly in other countries. Active ingredient(s): guanabenz acetate.
Guanethidine monosulfate
Guanethidine monosulfate is a prescription or over-the-counter drug which is (or once was) approved in the United States and possibly in other countries. Active ingredient(s): guanethidine monosulfate.
Guanfacine hcl
Guanfacine hcl is a prescription or over-the-counter drug which is (or once was) approved in the United States and possibly in other countries. Active ingredient(s): guanfacine hydrochloride.
Guanidine hcl
Guanidine hcl is a prescription or over-the-counter drug which is (or once was) approved in the United States and possibly in other countries. Active ingredient(s): guanidine hydrochloride.
PREVIOUS AND NEXT TERMS--------------------------------------
Gamete
Sperm and eggs. These cells have the special property of carrying only one copy of each gene instead the two copies that most other cells carry. These cells contribute to the next generation and are also called “germ line” cells.
Gynandromorph
An individual that is a mosaic of male and female structures. The underlying cause is frequently sex chromosome mosaicism, such that some cells are chromosomal females while others are chromosomal males. Mosaic individuals having simultaneous aspects of both the male and the female phenotype.
Genotype
Genotype is the genetic makeup of an individual organism.
Gene
1. A unit of DNA that carries information for the biosynthesis of a specific product in the cell. 2. Ultimate unit by which inheritable characteristics are transmitted to succeeding generations in all living organisms. Genes are contained by, and arranged along the length of, the chromosome. The gene is composed of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). Each chromosome of each species has a definite number and arrangement of genes, which govern both the structure and metabolic functions of the cells and thus of the entire organism.
Guanine
Glucagon
The hormone from the pancreas that causes the release of stored carbohydrate in the liver to restore blood glucose levels. Glucagon uses the second messenger cyclic AMP to exert its biological action.
Glucose
The only simple carbohydrate that circulates in the bloodstream. Glucose is the primary fuel used by the brain. It can also be stored in the liver and muscles in a polymer form known as glycogen.
Glucose Tolerance
The ability of muscle cells and the liver to remove glucose from the bloodstream. As you age, glucose tolerance decreases.
Glycemic Index
A measure of the rate at which a carbohydrate will enter the bloodstream as glucose. Some simple sugars, such as table sugar, will enter the bloodstream slower than many complex carbohydrates, such as bread, rice, and potatoes. The faster a carbohydrate enters the bloodstream, the higher its glycemic index. The higher the glycemic index of a carbohydrate, the greater the increase in insulin levels. Fruits and vegetables tend to have a low glycemic index, whereas breads, pasta, grains, and starches tend to have a high glycemic index.
RELATED TERMS--------------------------------------
Nucleotides
The components of DNA, consisting of phosphate, a sugar derivative and one of the following bases: adenine, cytosine, guanine, or thymine. They are represented by their initial letters in a nucleotide sequence.
DNA
Deoxyribo-Nucleic acid. DNA molecules carry the genetic information necessary for the organization and functioning of most living cells and control the inheritance of characteristics.
Base
A chemical compound that either donates hydroxide ions or absorbs hydrogen ions when dissolved in water. Bases and acids are referred to as opposites because the effect of an acid is to increase the hydronium ion concentration in water, whereas bases reduce this concentration. Arrhenius bases are water-soluble and always have a pH greater than 7 in solution.
Cytosine
One of the pyrimidine nitrogenous bases occurring in both DNA and RNA.
SIMILAR TERMS--------------------------------------
Guanabenz acetate
Guanabenz acetate is a prescription or over-the-counter drug which is (or once was) approved in the United States and possibly in other countries. Active ingredient(s): guanabenz acetate.
Guanethidine monosulfate
Guanethidine monosulfate is a prescription or over-the-counter drug which is (or once was) approved in the United States and possibly in other countries. Active ingredient(s): guanethidine monosulfate.
Guanfacine hcl
Guanfacine hcl is a prescription or over-the-counter drug which is (or once was) approved in the United States and possibly in other countries. Active ingredient(s): guanfacine hydrochloride.
Guanidine hcl
Guanidine hcl is a prescription or over-the-counter drug which is (or once was) approved in the United States and possibly in other countries. Active ingredient(s): guanidine hydrochloride.
PREVIOUS AND NEXT TERMS--------------------------------------
Gamete
Sperm and eggs. These cells have the special property of carrying only one copy of each gene instead the two copies that most other cells carry. These cells contribute to the next generation and are also called “germ line” cells.
Gynandromorph
An individual that is a mosaic of male and female structures. The underlying cause is frequently sex chromosome mosaicism, such that some cells are chromosomal females while others are chromosomal males. Mosaic individuals having simultaneous aspects of both the male and the female phenotype.
Genotype
Genotype is the genetic makeup of an individual organism.
Gene
1. A unit of DNA that carries information for the biosynthesis of a specific product in the cell. 2. Ultimate unit by which inheritable characteristics are transmitted to succeeding generations in all living organisms. Genes are contained by, and arranged along the length of, the chromosome. The gene is composed of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). Each chromosome of each species has a definite number and arrangement of genes, which govern both the structure and metabolic functions of the cells and thus of the entire organism.
Guanine
Glucagon
The hormone from the pancreas that causes the release of stored carbohydrate in the liver to restore blood glucose levels. Glucagon uses the second messenger cyclic AMP to exert its biological action.
Glucose
The only simple carbohydrate that circulates in the bloodstream. Glucose is the primary fuel used by the brain. It can also be stored in the liver and muscles in a polymer form known as glycogen.
Glucose Tolerance
The ability of muscle cells and the liver to remove glucose from the bloodstream. As you age, glucose tolerance decreases.
Glycemic Index
A measure of the rate at which a carbohydrate will enter the bloodstream as glucose. Some simple sugars, such as table sugar, will enter the bloodstream slower than many complex carbohydrates, such as bread, rice, and potatoes. The faster a carbohydrate enters the bloodstream, the higher its glycemic index. The higher the glycemic index of a carbohydrate, the greater the increase in insulin levels. Fruits and vegetables tend to have a low glycemic index, whereas breads, pasta, grains, and starches tend to have a high glycemic index.
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This dictionary contains 19186 terms.
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