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| This glossary contains: 19186 medical terms |
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Estrogens
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Estrogens A group of three steroid hormones that convey female characteristics and control fertilization. The production of estrogen is stimulated by follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), which uses cyclic AMP as its second messenger.
RELATED TERMS--------------------------------------
Steroid
One of a group of naturally occurring or synthetic hormones which are complex lipids based on the cholesterol molecule, and which affect chemical processes in the body, growth, and sexual and other physiological functions. They include adrenal cortical, testicular, and ovarian hormones and their derivatives.
Hormones
Biological compounds that communicate information at a distance. Hormones require specific receptors to begin their biological action and use second messengers to initiate the cellular process that uses that information.
Female
The traditional definition of female was "an individual of the sex that bears young" or "that produces ova or eggs". However, things are not so simple today. Female can be defined by physical appearance, by chromosome constitution (see Female chromosome complement), or by gender identification. Female chromosome complement: The large majority of females have a 46, XX chromosome complement (46 chromosomes including two X chromosomes). A minority of females have other chromosome constitutions such as 45,X (45 chromosomes including only one X chromosome) and 47,XXX (47 chromosomes including three X chromosomes).
Fertilization
The combining of the genetic material carried by sperm and egg to create an embryo. Normally occurs inside the fallopian tube (in vivo) but may also occur in a petri dish (in vitro).
Estrogen
A hormone produced in the ovaries that works with progesterone to, among other things, regulate the reproductive cycle.
Hormone
A chemical substance formed in the body that is carried in the bloodstream to affect another part of the body; an example is thyroid hormone, produced by the thyroid gland in the neck, which affects growth, temperature regulation, metabolic rate, and other body functions.
SIMILAR TERMS--------------------------------------
Estrace
Estrace is a prescription or over-the-counter drug which is (or once was) approved in the United States and possibly in other countries. Active ingredient(s): estradiol.
Estracomb
A medicine used in the treatment of vasomotor symptoms associated with menopause, based in oestradiol and norethisterone. Produced by Novartis.
Estraderm
A medicine used in the treatment of vasomotor symptoms associated with menopause.
Estradiol
The most biologically potent of the naturally occurring estrogens. It is produced chiefly by the ovary and in small amount by the testis. Commercially, it is prepared in various compounds, such as estradiol benzoate and ethinyl estradiol.
Estradiol and norgestimate
Estradiol and norgestimate is a prescription or over-the-counter drug which is (or once was) approved in the United States and possibly in other countries. Active ingredient(s): estradiol; norgestimate.
Estradiol cypionate
Estradiol cypionate is a prescription or over-the-counter drug which is (or once was) approved in the United States and possibly in other countries. Active ingredient(s): estradiol cypionate.
Estradiol valerate
Estradiol valerate is a prescription or over-the-counter drug which is (or once was) approved in the United States and possibly in other countries. Active ingredient(s): estradiol valerate.
Estradot
A medicine used in the treatment of vasomotor symptoms associated with menopause.
Estradurin
Estradurin is a prescription or over-the-counter drug which is (or once was) approved in the United States and possibly in other countries. Active ingredient(s): polyestradiol phosphate.
Estragest
Medication used in the treatment of vasomotor symptoms associated with menopause. Based in oestradiol, norethisterone acetate. Produced by Novartis.
Estraguard
Estraguard is a prescription or over-the-counter drug which is (or once was) approved in the United States and possibly in other countries. Active ingredient(s): dienestrol.
Estrapak
Medication used in the treatment of vasomotor symptoms associated with menopause.
Estrasorb
Estrasorb is a prescription or over-the-counter drug which is (or once was) approved in the United States and possibly in other countries. Active ingredient(s): estradiol hemihydrate.
Estratab
Estratab is a prescription or over-the-counter drug which is (or once was) approved in the United States and possibly in other countries. Active ingredient(s): estrogens, esterified.
Estring
Estring is a prescription or over-the-counter drug which is (or once was) approved in the United States and possibly in other countries. Active ingredient(s): estradiol.
Estrogel
Estrogel is a prescription or over-the-counter drug which is (or once was) approved in the United States and possibly in other countries. Active ingredient(s): estradiol.
Estrogen
A hormone produced in the ovaries that works with progesterone to, among other things, regulate the reproductive cycle.
Estrogen replacement therapy (ERT)
Use of the female hormone estrogen to replace that which the body no longer produces naturally after medical or surgical menopause.
Estrogen-associated blood clots
Blood clots are occasional but serious side effects of estrogen therapy. They are dose-related, that is, they occur more frequently with higher doses of estrogen.
Estrogen-associated hypercoagulability
Hypercoagulability (a supranormal tendency for blood to clot) occurs as an occasional but serious side effect of estrogen therapy.
Estrogen/progestin therapy
Abbreviated EPT. A combination of the hormones estrogen and progestin. Taken by women, the estrogen in the EPT relieves such symptoms of menopause as hot flashes, night sweats, sleeplessness, and vaginal dryness. When taken alone, however, estrogen also increases the risk for cancer of the uterine lining, or endometrium. Combining estrogen with progestin virtually eliminates the risk of endometrial cancer. EPT is a form of hormone replacement therapy (HRT).
Estrogenic substance
Estrogenic substance is a prescription or over-the-counter drug which is (or once was) approved in the United States and possibly in other countries. Active ingredient(s): estrone.
Estrone
Estrone is a prescription or over-the-counter drug which is (or once was) approved in the United States and possibly in other countries. Active ingredient(s): estrone.
Estropipate
Estropipate is a prescription or over-the-counter drug which is (or once was) approved in the United States and possibly in other countries. Active ingredient(s): estropipate.
Estrostep 21
Estrostep 21 is a prescription or over-the-counter drug which is (or once was) approved in the United States and possibly in other countries. Active ingredient(s): ethinyl estradiol; norethindrone acetate.
Estrostep fe
Estrostep fe is a prescription or over-the-counter drug which is (or once was) approved in the United States and possibly in other countries. Active ingredient(s): ethinyl estradiol; norethindrone acetate.
Estrovis
Estrovis is a prescription or over-the-counter drug which is (or once was) approved in the United States and possibly in other countries. Active ingredient(s): quinestrol.
Estrus
Phenomenon of being sexually receptive, or in heat, as manifested at the ovulatory phase of the sexual cycle of the female, especially in subprimate species. The phenomenon of being sexually receptive, or in heat, as found in the sexual cycle of some species. A condition or syndrome of persistent estrus can be produced in some animals (for example, the rat) by hormonal injection of the newborn, notably with androgen.
PREVIOUS AND NEXT TERMS--------------------------------------
Endocrine hormones
Hormones that are secreted from a discrete gland and then travel through the bloodstream to target tissues.
Endocrinology
The study of hormones. A more inclusive definition would be the study of biological communications.
Endocytosis
The process by which extracellular molecules (including hormones) enter a cell.
Endothelial cells
The cells that line the vascular system. They act as a barrier between the bloodstream and target cells that hormones must pass through in order to reach their receptors and exert their biological action.
EPA
Eicosapentaenoic acid is a polyunsaturated essential fatty acid. OmegaRx fish oil contains 40 percent EPA. EPA enhances the production of "good" eicosanoids and inhibits the production of Arachidonic Acid (AA). The higher the level of EPA in the diet, the more your cells will be induced to produce more good "eicosanoids"; the high levels of EPA also hinder the production of "bad" eicosanoids. EPA promotes good physical well-being, including increased circulation, and promotes a healthy immune system. EPA is also a powerful anti-inflammatory.
Estrogens
Exocytosis
The process by which intracellular chemicals (including hormones) are released.
Embryo
The early stages of development before an organism becomes self supporting.
Edema
Accumulation of abnormal quantities of fluid in spaces between the cells of the body. Edema can accumulate in almost any location in the body. Most common sites include the feet and ankles.
Erectile dysfunction
A man's consistent inability to achieve or maintain an erection during intercourse; commonly known as impotence.
Ependymoma
Ependymal tumors are tumors that begin in the ependyma, the cells that line the passageways in the brain where special fluid that protects the brain and spinal cord (called cerebrospinal fluid) is made and stored. There are different kinds of ependymal tumors, which are defined by how the cells look under a microscope.
RELATED TERMS--------------------------------------
Steroid
One of a group of naturally occurring or synthetic hormones which are complex lipids based on the cholesterol molecule, and which affect chemical processes in the body, growth, and sexual and other physiological functions. They include adrenal cortical, testicular, and ovarian hormones and their derivatives.
Hormones
Biological compounds that communicate information at a distance. Hormones require specific receptors to begin their biological action and use second messengers to initiate the cellular process that uses that information.
Female
The traditional definition of female was "an individual of the sex that bears young" or "that produces ova or eggs". However, things are not so simple today. Female can be defined by physical appearance, by chromosome constitution (see Female chromosome complement), or by gender identification. Female chromosome complement: The large majority of females have a 46, XX chromosome complement (46 chromosomes including two X chromosomes). A minority of females have other chromosome constitutions such as 45,X (45 chromosomes including only one X chromosome) and 47,XXX (47 chromosomes including three X chromosomes).
Fertilization
The combining of the genetic material carried by sperm and egg to create an embryo. Normally occurs inside the fallopian tube (in vivo) but may also occur in a petri dish (in vitro).
Estrogen
A hormone produced in the ovaries that works with progesterone to, among other things, regulate the reproductive cycle.
Hormone
A chemical substance formed in the body that is carried in the bloodstream to affect another part of the body; an example is thyroid hormone, produced by the thyroid gland in the neck, which affects growth, temperature regulation, metabolic rate, and other body functions.
SIMILAR TERMS--------------------------------------
Estrace
Estrace is a prescription or over-the-counter drug which is (or once was) approved in the United States and possibly in other countries. Active ingredient(s): estradiol.
Estracomb
A medicine used in the treatment of vasomotor symptoms associated with menopause, based in oestradiol and norethisterone. Produced by Novartis.
Estraderm
A medicine used in the treatment of vasomotor symptoms associated with menopause.
Estradiol
The most biologically potent of the naturally occurring estrogens. It is produced chiefly by the ovary and in small amount by the testis. Commercially, it is prepared in various compounds, such as estradiol benzoate and ethinyl estradiol.
Estradiol and norgestimate
Estradiol and norgestimate is a prescription or over-the-counter drug which is (or once was) approved in the United States and possibly in other countries. Active ingredient(s): estradiol; norgestimate.
Estradiol cypionate
Estradiol cypionate is a prescription or over-the-counter drug which is (or once was) approved in the United States and possibly in other countries. Active ingredient(s): estradiol cypionate.
Estradiol valerate
Estradiol valerate is a prescription or over-the-counter drug which is (or once was) approved in the United States and possibly in other countries. Active ingredient(s): estradiol valerate.
Estradot
A medicine used in the treatment of vasomotor symptoms associated with menopause.
Estradurin
Estradurin is a prescription or over-the-counter drug which is (or once was) approved in the United States and possibly in other countries. Active ingredient(s): polyestradiol phosphate.
Estragest
Medication used in the treatment of vasomotor symptoms associated with menopause. Based in oestradiol, norethisterone acetate. Produced by Novartis.
Estraguard
Estraguard is a prescription or over-the-counter drug which is (or once was) approved in the United States and possibly in other countries. Active ingredient(s): dienestrol.
Estrapak
Medication used in the treatment of vasomotor symptoms associated with menopause.
Estrasorb
Estrasorb is a prescription or over-the-counter drug which is (or once was) approved in the United States and possibly in other countries. Active ingredient(s): estradiol hemihydrate.
Estratab
Estratab is a prescription or over-the-counter drug which is (or once was) approved in the United States and possibly in other countries. Active ingredient(s): estrogens, esterified.
Estring
Estring is a prescription or over-the-counter drug which is (or once was) approved in the United States and possibly in other countries. Active ingredient(s): estradiol.
Estrogel
Estrogel is a prescription or over-the-counter drug which is (or once was) approved in the United States and possibly in other countries. Active ingredient(s): estradiol.
Estrogen
A hormone produced in the ovaries that works with progesterone to, among other things, regulate the reproductive cycle.
Estrogen replacement therapy (ERT)
Use of the female hormone estrogen to replace that which the body no longer produces naturally after medical or surgical menopause.
Estrogen-associated blood clots
Blood clots are occasional but serious side effects of estrogen therapy. They are dose-related, that is, they occur more frequently with higher doses of estrogen.
Estrogen-associated hypercoagulability
Hypercoagulability (a supranormal tendency for blood to clot) occurs as an occasional but serious side effect of estrogen therapy.
Estrogen/progestin therapy
Abbreviated EPT. A combination of the hormones estrogen and progestin. Taken by women, the estrogen in the EPT relieves such symptoms of menopause as hot flashes, night sweats, sleeplessness, and vaginal dryness. When taken alone, however, estrogen also increases the risk for cancer of the uterine lining, or endometrium. Combining estrogen with progestin virtually eliminates the risk of endometrial cancer. EPT is a form of hormone replacement therapy (HRT).
Estrogenic substance
Estrogenic substance is a prescription or over-the-counter drug which is (or once was) approved in the United States and possibly in other countries. Active ingredient(s): estrone.
Estrone
Estrone is a prescription or over-the-counter drug which is (or once was) approved in the United States and possibly in other countries. Active ingredient(s): estrone.
Estropipate
Estropipate is a prescription or over-the-counter drug which is (or once was) approved in the United States and possibly in other countries. Active ingredient(s): estropipate.
Estrostep 21
Estrostep 21 is a prescription or over-the-counter drug which is (or once was) approved in the United States and possibly in other countries. Active ingredient(s): ethinyl estradiol; norethindrone acetate.
Estrostep fe
Estrostep fe is a prescription or over-the-counter drug which is (or once was) approved in the United States and possibly in other countries. Active ingredient(s): ethinyl estradiol; norethindrone acetate.
Estrovis
Estrovis is a prescription or over-the-counter drug which is (or once was) approved in the United States and possibly in other countries. Active ingredient(s): quinestrol.
Estrus
Phenomenon of being sexually receptive, or in heat, as manifested at the ovulatory phase of the sexual cycle of the female, especially in subprimate species. The phenomenon of being sexually receptive, or in heat, as found in the sexual cycle of some species. A condition or syndrome of persistent estrus can be produced in some animals (for example, the rat) by hormonal injection of the newborn, notably with androgen.
PREVIOUS AND NEXT TERMS--------------------------------------
Endocrine hormones
Hormones that are secreted from a discrete gland and then travel through the bloodstream to target tissues.
Endocrinology
The study of hormones. A more inclusive definition would be the study of biological communications.
Endocytosis
The process by which extracellular molecules (including hormones) enter a cell.
Endothelial cells
The cells that line the vascular system. They act as a barrier between the bloodstream and target cells that hormones must pass through in order to reach their receptors and exert their biological action.
EPA
Eicosapentaenoic acid is a polyunsaturated essential fatty acid. OmegaRx fish oil contains 40 percent EPA. EPA enhances the production of "good" eicosanoids and inhibits the production of Arachidonic Acid (AA). The higher the level of EPA in the diet, the more your cells will be induced to produce more good "eicosanoids"; the high levels of EPA also hinder the production of "bad" eicosanoids. EPA promotes good physical well-being, including increased circulation, and promotes a healthy immune system. EPA is also a powerful anti-inflammatory.
Estrogens
Exocytosis
The process by which intracellular chemicals (including hormones) are released.
Embryo
The early stages of development before an organism becomes self supporting.
Edema
Accumulation of abnormal quantities of fluid in spaces between the cells of the body. Edema can accumulate in almost any location in the body. Most common sites include the feet and ankles.
Erectile dysfunction
A man's consistent inability to achieve or maintain an erection during intercourse; commonly known as impotence.
Ependymoma
Ependymal tumors are tumors that begin in the ependyma, the cells that line the passageways in the brain where special fluid that protects the brain and spinal cord (called cerebrospinal fluid) is made and stored. There are different kinds of ependymal tumors, which are defined by how the cells look under a microscope.
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This dictionary contains 19186 terms.
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