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| This glossary contains: 19186 medical terms |
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Embryonic stem cell lines
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Embryonic stem cell lines Populations of dividing cells established from embryonic stem cells and cultured in the laboratory. Within embryonic cell lines are cells that can produce more embryonic stem cells or, under conditions of differentiation, give rise to collections of cells that include most or all cell types that can be found in a postimplantation embryo, fetus, or developed organism.
RELATED TERMS--------------------------------------
Embryonic
Undeveloped, related to the embryo.
Cell
Fundamental structural unit of all life. The cell consists primarily of an outer plasma membrane, which separates it from the environment; the genetic material (DNA), which encodes heritable information for the maintainance of life; and the cytoplasm, a heterogeneous assemblage of ions, molecules, and fluid.
Differentiation
The process whereby an unspecialized early embryonic cell or stem cell acquires the features of a specialized cell, such as a heart, liver, or muscle cell.
Embryo
The early stages of development before an organism becomes self supporting.
Fetus
The stage of human development from 10 weeks' gestation until birth.
Organism
A living thing, such as an animal, a plant, a bacterium, or a fungus.
SIMILAR TERMS--------------------------------------
Embreeville Center
The Embreeville Center is a hospital in Coatesville, Pennsylvania, United States.
Embryo
The early stages of development before an organism becomes self supporting.
Embryo biopsy
An experimental test for genetic defects in embryos before they are implanted using IVF (in vitro fertilization).
Embryo splitting
Separation of an early-stage embryo into two or more embryos with identical genetic makeup, essentially creating identical twins or higher multiples (triplets, quadruplets, etc.).
Embryo transfer
An assisted reproductive technology in which an already fertilized egg is inserted into a woman's uterus to help her get pregnant.
Embryoid bodies (EBs)
Irregularly shaped clumps of cellular structures that arise when embryonic stem cells or embryonic germ cells are cultured. Embryoid bodies usually contain tissue from all three of the germ layers: endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm. Embryoid bodies are not part of normal development and occur only in vitro.
Embryonal carcinoma
A malignant germ cell tumor that occurs most often in the testes and accounts for about 40% of testicular tumors. Under the microscope, these tumors may resemble tissues of early embryos. This type of tumor can grow rapidly and spread outside the testicle. Embryonal carcinoma of the ovary is rare. It usually occurs before the age of 30 and is often prepubertal.
Embryonic
Undeveloped, related to the embryo.
Embryonic germ cells
Pluripotent stem cell lines that migrate, during early development, to the future gonads to form the progenitors of egg or sperm cells. The properties of EG cells are similar to those of embryonic stem cells, but may differ in the DNA methylation of some imprinted regions.
Embryonic hemoglobin
Hemoglobin E, the normal embryonic hemoglobin, the main type of hemoglobin found in the human embryo. The E stands for embryonic and also for epsilon, the chain unique to embryonic hemoglobin (which was originally known as Gower-2).
Embryonic stem cells
Primitive (undifferentiated ) cultured cells from the embryo that have the potential to become a wide variety of specialized cell types, (that is, are pluripotent). They are derived from the inner cell mass of the blastocyst. Embryonic stem cells are not embryos; by themselves, they cannot produce the necessary cell types, such as trophectoderm cells, in an organized fashion so as to give rise to a complete organism.
PREVIOUS AND NEXT TERMS--------------------------------------
Egg
The mature female reproductive cell.
Embryo splitting
Separation of an early-stage embryo into two or more embryos with identical genetic makeup, essentially creating identical twins or higher multiples (triplets, quadruplets, etc.).
Embryoid bodies (EBs)
Irregularly shaped clumps of cellular structures that arise when embryonic stem cells or embryonic germ cells are cultured. Embryoid bodies usually contain tissue from all three of the germ layers: endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm. Embryoid bodies are not part of normal development and occur only in vitro.
Embryonic germ cells
Pluripotent stem cell lines that migrate, during early development, to the future gonads to form the progenitors of egg or sperm cells. The properties of EG cells are similar to those of embryonic stem cells, but may differ in the DNA methylation of some imprinted regions.
Embryonic stem cells
Primitive (undifferentiated ) cultured cells from the embryo that have the potential to become a wide variety of specialized cell types, (that is, are pluripotent). They are derived from the inner cell mass of the blastocyst. Embryonic stem cells are not embryos; by themselves, they cannot produce the necessary cell types, such as trophectoderm cells, in an organized fashion so as to give rise to a complete organism.
Embryonic stem cell lines
Epigenetic effects
Changes in gene expression that occur without changing the DNA sequence of a gene; for example, in the epigenetic effect called genomic imprinting, chemical molecules called methyl groups attach to DNA and "turn off" the gene's expression.
Extraembryonic tissues
Intrauterine tissues derived from the zygote that support the embryo(for example, the placenta, the umbilical cord, and membranes such as the amniotic sac).
Edward's syndrome
Congenital condition stemming from a chromosomal abnormality. Symptoms include severe mental retardation and often numerous defects, such as cleft lip and palate, club feet, and malformation of internal organs.
Effacement
The thinning (sometimes called ripening) of the cervix in preparation fordelivery. During effacement, the cervix goes from more than an inch thickto paper thin.
Egg donation
When a woman, her ovaries stimulated by drugs to produce extra eggs that are then surgically removed, donates her eggs to another woman. Usually done to help an infertile couple get pregnant.
RELATED TERMS--------------------------------------
Embryonic
Undeveloped, related to the embryo.
Cell
Fundamental structural unit of all life. The cell consists primarily of an outer plasma membrane, which separates it from the environment; the genetic material (DNA), which encodes heritable information for the maintainance of life; and the cytoplasm, a heterogeneous assemblage of ions, molecules, and fluid.
Differentiation
The process whereby an unspecialized early embryonic cell or stem cell acquires the features of a specialized cell, such as a heart, liver, or muscle cell.
Embryo
The early stages of development before an organism becomes self supporting.
Fetus
The stage of human development from 10 weeks' gestation until birth.
Organism
A living thing, such as an animal, a plant, a bacterium, or a fungus.
SIMILAR TERMS--------------------------------------
Embreeville Center
The Embreeville Center is a hospital in Coatesville, Pennsylvania, United States.
Embryo
The early stages of development before an organism becomes self supporting.
Embryo biopsy
An experimental test for genetic defects in embryos before they are implanted using IVF (in vitro fertilization).
Embryo splitting
Separation of an early-stage embryo into two or more embryos with identical genetic makeup, essentially creating identical twins or higher multiples (triplets, quadruplets, etc.).
Embryo transfer
An assisted reproductive technology in which an already fertilized egg is inserted into a woman's uterus to help her get pregnant.
Embryoid bodies (EBs)
Irregularly shaped clumps of cellular structures that arise when embryonic stem cells or embryonic germ cells are cultured. Embryoid bodies usually contain tissue from all three of the germ layers: endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm. Embryoid bodies are not part of normal development and occur only in vitro.
Embryonal carcinoma
A malignant germ cell tumor that occurs most often in the testes and accounts for about 40% of testicular tumors. Under the microscope, these tumors may resemble tissues of early embryos. This type of tumor can grow rapidly and spread outside the testicle. Embryonal carcinoma of the ovary is rare. It usually occurs before the age of 30 and is often prepubertal.
Embryonic
Undeveloped, related to the embryo.
Embryonic germ cells
Pluripotent stem cell lines that migrate, during early development, to the future gonads to form the progenitors of egg or sperm cells. The properties of EG cells are similar to those of embryonic stem cells, but may differ in the DNA methylation of some imprinted regions.
Embryonic hemoglobin
Hemoglobin E, the normal embryonic hemoglobin, the main type of hemoglobin found in the human embryo. The E stands for embryonic and also for epsilon, the chain unique to embryonic hemoglobin (which was originally known as Gower-2).
Embryonic stem cells
Primitive (undifferentiated ) cultured cells from the embryo that have the potential to become a wide variety of specialized cell types, (that is, are pluripotent). They are derived from the inner cell mass of the blastocyst. Embryonic stem cells are not embryos; by themselves, they cannot produce the necessary cell types, such as trophectoderm cells, in an organized fashion so as to give rise to a complete organism.
PREVIOUS AND NEXT TERMS--------------------------------------
Egg
The mature female reproductive cell.
Embryo splitting
Separation of an early-stage embryo into two or more embryos with identical genetic makeup, essentially creating identical twins or higher multiples (triplets, quadruplets, etc.).
Embryoid bodies (EBs)
Irregularly shaped clumps of cellular structures that arise when embryonic stem cells or embryonic germ cells are cultured. Embryoid bodies usually contain tissue from all three of the germ layers: endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm. Embryoid bodies are not part of normal development and occur only in vitro.
Embryonic germ cells
Pluripotent stem cell lines that migrate, during early development, to the future gonads to form the progenitors of egg or sperm cells. The properties of EG cells are similar to those of embryonic stem cells, but may differ in the DNA methylation of some imprinted regions.
Embryonic stem cells
Primitive (undifferentiated ) cultured cells from the embryo that have the potential to become a wide variety of specialized cell types, (that is, are pluripotent). They are derived from the inner cell mass of the blastocyst. Embryonic stem cells are not embryos; by themselves, they cannot produce the necessary cell types, such as trophectoderm cells, in an organized fashion so as to give rise to a complete organism.
Embryonic stem cell lines
Epigenetic effects
Changes in gene expression that occur without changing the DNA sequence of a gene; for example, in the epigenetic effect called genomic imprinting, chemical molecules called methyl groups attach to DNA and "turn off" the gene's expression.
Extraembryonic tissues
Intrauterine tissues derived from the zygote that support the embryo(for example, the placenta, the umbilical cord, and membranes such as the amniotic sac).
Edward's syndrome
Congenital condition stemming from a chromosomal abnormality. Symptoms include severe mental retardation and often numerous defects, such as cleft lip and palate, club feet, and malformation of internal organs.
Effacement
The thinning (sometimes called ripening) of the cervix in preparation fordelivery. During effacement, the cervix goes from more than an inch thickto paper thin.
Egg donation
When a woman, her ovaries stimulated by drugs to produce extra eggs that are then surgically removed, donates her eggs to another woman. Usually done to help an infertile couple get pregnant.
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This dictionary contains 19186 terms.
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