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| This glossary contains: 19186 medical terms |
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Embryonic germ cells
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Embryonic germ cells Pluripotent stem cell lines that migrate, during early development, to the future gonads to form the progenitors of egg or sperm cells. The properties of EG cells are similar to those of embryonic stem cells, but may differ in the DNA methylation of some imprinted regions.
RELATED TERMS--------------------------------------
Cell
Fundamental structural unit of all life. The cell consists primarily of an outer plasma membrane, which separates it from the environment; the genetic material (DNA), which encodes heritable information for the maintainance of life; and the cytoplasm, a heterogeneous assemblage of ions, molecules, and fluid.
Development
The process of growth and differentiation.
Gonads
Ovaries and testes.
Sperm
A sperm cell, or spermatozoon (pl. spermatozoa) (in Greek: sperm = semen and zoon = alive), is the haploid cell that is the male gamete. It is carried in fluid called semen, and is capable of fertilising an egg cell to form a zygote. A zygote can grow into a new organism, such as a human. Sperm cells contain half of the genetic information needed to create life. Generally, the sex of the offspring is determined by the sperm, through the chromosomal pair "XX" (for a female) or "XY" (for a male).
Embryonic
Undeveloped, related to the embryo.
Methylation
A biochemical process involving the addition of chemical tags called methyl groups (-CH3) to DNA. Methylation can be a signal for a gene or a section of a chromosome to turn off gene expression and become inactive or "silent".
SIMILAR TERMS--------------------------------------
Embreeville Center
The Embreeville Center is a hospital in Coatesville, Pennsylvania, United States.
Embryo
The early stages of development before an organism becomes self supporting.
Embryo biopsy
An experimental test for genetic defects in embryos before they are implanted using IVF (in vitro fertilization).
Embryo splitting
Separation of an early-stage embryo into two or more embryos with identical genetic makeup, essentially creating identical twins or higher multiples (triplets, quadruplets, etc.).
Embryo transfer
An assisted reproductive technology in which an already fertilized egg is inserted into a woman's uterus to help her get pregnant.
Embryoid bodies (EBs)
Irregularly shaped clumps of cellular structures that arise when embryonic stem cells or embryonic germ cells are cultured. Embryoid bodies usually contain tissue from all three of the germ layers: endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm. Embryoid bodies are not part of normal development and occur only in vitro.
Embryonal carcinoma
A malignant germ cell tumor that occurs most often in the testes and accounts for about 40% of testicular tumors. Under the microscope, these tumors may resemble tissues of early embryos. This type of tumor can grow rapidly and spread outside the testicle. Embryonal carcinoma of the ovary is rare. It usually occurs before the age of 30 and is often prepubertal.
Embryonic
Undeveloped, related to the embryo.
Embryonic hemoglobin
Hemoglobin E, the normal embryonic hemoglobin, the main type of hemoglobin found in the human embryo. The E stands for embryonic and also for epsilon, the chain unique to embryonic hemoglobin (which was originally known as Gower-2).
Embryonic stem cell lines
Populations of dividing cells established from embryonic stem cells and cultured in the laboratory. Within embryonic cell lines are cells that can produce more embryonic stem cells or, under conditions of differentiation, give rise to collections of cells that include most or all cell types that can be found in a postimplantation embryo, fetus, or developed organism.
Embryonic stem cells
Primitive (undifferentiated ) cultured cells from the embryo that have the potential to become a wide variety of specialized cell types, (that is, are pluripotent). They are derived from the inner cell mass of the blastocyst. Embryonic stem cells are not embryos; by themselves, they cannot produce the necessary cell types, such as trophectoderm cells, in an organized fashion so as to give rise to a complete organism.
PREVIOUS AND NEXT TERMS--------------------------------------
Extrinsic asthma
Asthma that is triggered by an allergic reaction, usually to something that is inhaled.
Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL)
A method of breaking up bile stones and gallstones. Uses a specialized tool and shock waves.
Egg
The mature female reproductive cell.
Embryo splitting
Separation of an early-stage embryo into two or more embryos with identical genetic makeup, essentially creating identical twins or higher multiples (triplets, quadruplets, etc.).
Embryoid bodies (EBs)
Irregularly shaped clumps of cellular structures that arise when embryonic stem cells or embryonic germ cells are cultured. Embryoid bodies usually contain tissue from all three of the germ layers: endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm. Embryoid bodies are not part of normal development and occur only in vitro.
Embryonic germ cells
Embryonic stem cells
Primitive (undifferentiated ) cultured cells from the embryo that have the potential to become a wide variety of specialized cell types, (that is, are pluripotent). They are derived from the inner cell mass of the blastocyst. Embryonic stem cells are not embryos; by themselves, they cannot produce the necessary cell types, such as trophectoderm cells, in an organized fashion so as to give rise to a complete organism.
Embryonic stem cell lines
Populations of dividing cells established from embryonic stem cells and cultured in the laboratory. Within embryonic cell lines are cells that can produce more embryonic stem cells or, under conditions of differentiation, give rise to collections of cells that include most or all cell types that can be found in a postimplantation embryo, fetus, or developed organism.
Epigenetic effects
Changes in gene expression that occur without changing the DNA sequence of a gene; for example, in the epigenetic effect called genomic imprinting, chemical molecules called methyl groups attach to DNA and "turn off" the gene's expression.
Extraembryonic tissues
Intrauterine tissues derived from the zygote that support the embryo(for example, the placenta, the umbilical cord, and membranes such as the amniotic sac).
Edward's syndrome
Congenital condition stemming from a chromosomal abnormality. Symptoms include severe mental retardation and often numerous defects, such as cleft lip and palate, club feet, and malformation of internal organs.
RELATED TERMS--------------------------------------
Cell
Fundamental structural unit of all life. The cell consists primarily of an outer plasma membrane, which separates it from the environment; the genetic material (DNA), which encodes heritable information for the maintainance of life; and the cytoplasm, a heterogeneous assemblage of ions, molecules, and fluid.
Development
The process of growth and differentiation.
Gonads
Ovaries and testes.
Sperm
A sperm cell, or spermatozoon (pl. spermatozoa) (in Greek: sperm = semen and zoon = alive), is the haploid cell that is the male gamete. It is carried in fluid called semen, and is capable of fertilising an egg cell to form a zygote. A zygote can grow into a new organism, such as a human. Sperm cells contain half of the genetic information needed to create life. Generally, the sex of the offspring is determined by the sperm, through the chromosomal pair "XX" (for a female) or "XY" (for a male).
Embryonic
Undeveloped, related to the embryo.
Methylation
A biochemical process involving the addition of chemical tags called methyl groups (-CH3) to DNA. Methylation can be a signal for a gene or a section of a chromosome to turn off gene expression and become inactive or "silent".
SIMILAR TERMS--------------------------------------
Embreeville Center
The Embreeville Center is a hospital in Coatesville, Pennsylvania, United States.
Embryo
The early stages of development before an organism becomes self supporting.
Embryo biopsy
An experimental test for genetic defects in embryos before they are implanted using IVF (in vitro fertilization).
Embryo splitting
Separation of an early-stage embryo into two or more embryos with identical genetic makeup, essentially creating identical twins or higher multiples (triplets, quadruplets, etc.).
Embryo transfer
An assisted reproductive technology in which an already fertilized egg is inserted into a woman's uterus to help her get pregnant.
Embryoid bodies (EBs)
Irregularly shaped clumps of cellular structures that arise when embryonic stem cells or embryonic germ cells are cultured. Embryoid bodies usually contain tissue from all three of the germ layers: endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm. Embryoid bodies are not part of normal development and occur only in vitro.
Embryonal carcinoma
A malignant germ cell tumor that occurs most often in the testes and accounts for about 40% of testicular tumors. Under the microscope, these tumors may resemble tissues of early embryos. This type of tumor can grow rapidly and spread outside the testicle. Embryonal carcinoma of the ovary is rare. It usually occurs before the age of 30 and is often prepubertal.
Embryonic
Undeveloped, related to the embryo.
Embryonic hemoglobin
Hemoglobin E, the normal embryonic hemoglobin, the main type of hemoglobin found in the human embryo. The E stands for embryonic and also for epsilon, the chain unique to embryonic hemoglobin (which was originally known as Gower-2).
Embryonic stem cell lines
Populations of dividing cells established from embryonic stem cells and cultured in the laboratory. Within embryonic cell lines are cells that can produce more embryonic stem cells or, under conditions of differentiation, give rise to collections of cells that include most or all cell types that can be found in a postimplantation embryo, fetus, or developed organism.
Embryonic stem cells
Primitive (undifferentiated ) cultured cells from the embryo that have the potential to become a wide variety of specialized cell types, (that is, are pluripotent). They are derived from the inner cell mass of the blastocyst. Embryonic stem cells are not embryos; by themselves, they cannot produce the necessary cell types, such as trophectoderm cells, in an organized fashion so as to give rise to a complete organism.
PREVIOUS AND NEXT TERMS--------------------------------------
Extrinsic asthma
Asthma that is triggered by an allergic reaction, usually to something that is inhaled.
Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL)
A method of breaking up bile stones and gallstones. Uses a specialized tool and shock waves.
Egg
The mature female reproductive cell.
Embryo splitting
Separation of an early-stage embryo into two or more embryos with identical genetic makeup, essentially creating identical twins or higher multiples (triplets, quadruplets, etc.).
Embryoid bodies (EBs)
Irregularly shaped clumps of cellular structures that arise when embryonic stem cells or embryonic germ cells are cultured. Embryoid bodies usually contain tissue from all three of the germ layers: endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm. Embryoid bodies are not part of normal development and occur only in vitro.
Embryonic germ cells
Embryonic stem cells
Primitive (undifferentiated ) cultured cells from the embryo that have the potential to become a wide variety of specialized cell types, (that is, are pluripotent). They are derived from the inner cell mass of the blastocyst. Embryonic stem cells are not embryos; by themselves, they cannot produce the necessary cell types, such as trophectoderm cells, in an organized fashion so as to give rise to a complete organism.
Embryonic stem cell lines
Populations of dividing cells established from embryonic stem cells and cultured in the laboratory. Within embryonic cell lines are cells that can produce more embryonic stem cells or, under conditions of differentiation, give rise to collections of cells that include most or all cell types that can be found in a postimplantation embryo, fetus, or developed organism.
Epigenetic effects
Changes in gene expression that occur without changing the DNA sequence of a gene; for example, in the epigenetic effect called genomic imprinting, chemical molecules called methyl groups attach to DNA and "turn off" the gene's expression.
Extraembryonic tissues
Intrauterine tissues derived from the zygote that support the embryo(for example, the placenta, the umbilical cord, and membranes such as the amniotic sac).
Edward's syndrome
Congenital condition stemming from a chromosomal abnormality. Symptoms include severe mental retardation and often numerous defects, such as cleft lip and palate, club feet, and malformation of internal organs.
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This dictionary contains 19186 terms.
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