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| This glossary contains: 19186 medical terms |
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Embryonal carcinoma
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Embryonal carcinomaA malignant germ cell tumor that occurs most often in the testes and accounts for about 40% of testicular tumors. Under the microscope, these tumors may resemble tissues of early embryos. This type of tumor can grow rapidly and spread outside the testicle. Embryonal carcinoma of the ovary is rare. It usually occurs before the age of 30 and is often prepubertal.
RELATED TERMS--------------------------------------
Malignant
Cancerous; life-threatening.
Germ
A disease-causing microorganism.
Cell
Fundamental structural unit of all life. The cell consists primarily of an outer plasma membrane, which separates it from the environment; the genetic material (DNA), which encodes heritable information for the maintainance of life; and the cytoplasm, a heterogeneous assemblage of ions, molecules, and fluid.
Tumor
Overgrowth of tissue.
Testes
The pair of male glands, contained in the scrotum, that produce sperm.
Microscope
A microscope (Greek: micron = small and scopos = aim) is an instrument for viewing objects that are too small to be seen by the naked or unaided eye. The science of investigating small objects using such an instrument is called microscopy, and the term microscopic means minute or very small, not easily visible with the unaided eye. In other words, requiring a microscope to examine.
Carcinoma
Cancer that begins in the tissues that line or cover an organ.
Ovary
The female sex gland that contains ova, or eggs.
SIMILAR TERMS--------------------------------------
Embreeville Center
The Embreeville Center is a hospital in Coatesville, Pennsylvania, United States.
Embryo
The early stages of development before an organism becomes self supporting.
Embryo biopsy
An experimental test for genetic defects in embryos before they are implanted using IVF (in vitro fertilization).
Embryo splitting
Separation of an early-stage embryo into two or more embryos with identical genetic makeup, essentially creating identical twins or higher multiples (triplets, quadruplets, etc.).
Embryo transfer
An assisted reproductive technology in which an already fertilized egg is inserted into a woman's uterus to help her get pregnant.
Embryoid bodies (EBs)
Irregularly shaped clumps of cellular structures that arise when embryonic stem cells or embryonic germ cells are cultured. Embryoid bodies usually contain tissue from all three of the germ layers: endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm. Embryoid bodies are not part of normal development and occur only in vitro.
Embryonic
Undeveloped, related to the embryo.
Embryonic germ cells
Pluripotent stem cell lines that migrate, during early development, to the future gonads to form the progenitors of egg or sperm cells. The properties of EG cells are similar to those of embryonic stem cells, but may differ in the DNA methylation of some imprinted regions.
Embryonic hemoglobin
Hemoglobin E, the normal embryonic hemoglobin, the main type of hemoglobin found in the human embryo. The E stands for embryonic and also for epsilon, the chain unique to embryonic hemoglobin (which was originally known as Gower-2).
Embryonic stem cell lines
Populations of dividing cells established from embryonic stem cells and cultured in the laboratory. Within embryonic cell lines are cells that can produce more embryonic stem cells or, under conditions of differentiation, give rise to collections of cells that include most or all cell types that can be found in a postimplantation embryo, fetus, or developed organism.
Embryonic stem cells
Primitive (undifferentiated ) cultured cells from the embryo that have the potential to become a wide variety of specialized cell types, (that is, are pluripotent). They are derived from the inner cell mass of the blastocyst. Embryonic stem cells are not embryos; by themselves, they cannot produce the necessary cell types, such as trophectoderm cells, in an organized fashion so as to give rise to a complete organism.
PREVIOUS AND NEXT TERMS--------------------------------------
EM (electron microscope)
A microscope in which an electron beam replaces light to form the image. EM stands for electron microscope (the device) and for electron microscopy (the technique and field).
Emboli
Something that travels through the bloodstream, lodges in a blood vessel and blocks it. Examples of emboli are a detached blood clot, a clump of bacteria, and foreign material such as air. Pulmonary emboli are blood clots that have been carried through the blood into the pulmonary artery (the main blood vessel from the heart to the lung) or one of its branches, plugging that vessel.
Embolism, paradoxical
Passage of a clot (thrombus) from a vein to an artery. When clots in veins break off (embolize) , they travel first to the right side of the heart and, normally, then to the lungs where they lodge. The lungs act as a filter to prevent the clots from entering the arterial circulation. However, when there is a hole in the wall between the two upper chambers of the heart (an atrial septal defect), a clot can cross from the right to the left side of the heart, then pass into the arteries as a paradoxical embolism. Once in the arterial circulation, a clot can travel to the brain, block a vessel there, and cause a stroke (cerebrovascular accident). Because of the risk of stroke from paradoxical embolism, it is usually recommended that even small atrial septal defects be repaired. Also called crossed embolism.
Embolism, pulmonary
The obstruction of the pulmonary artery or a branch of it leading to the lungs by a blood clot, usually from the leg, or foreign material causing sudden closure of the vessel. (Embolus is from the Greek "embolos" meaning plug.) The risk factors for pulmonary embolism include advanced age, cancer, genetic predisposition, immobilization (especially in the hospital), pelvic or leg trauma, pregnancy, and surgery. The diagnosis of pulmonary embolism can be difficult because the symptoms are nonspecific and may mimic many other diseases. Pulmonary angiography is the gold standard test. Other tests may include oximetry and arterial blood gas analysis and imaging such as chest x-rays and ultrasonography. The treatment includes anticoagulants such as heparin and warfarin (Coumadin). About 10- 15% of patients with pulmonary embolism die.
Embolization
A treatment that clogs small blood vessels and blocks the flow of blood, such as to a tumor.
Embryonal carcinoma
Embryonic hemoglobin
Hemoglobin E, the normal embryonic hemoglobin, the main type of hemoglobin found in the human embryo. The E stands for embryonic and also for epsilon, the chain unique to embryonic hemoglobin (which was originally known as Gower-2).
Emergency contraception
The prevention of pregnancy after unprotected vaginal intercourse. Emergency contraception may use drugs related to the female hormones estrogen and progesterone. These "morning-after pill" are similar to birth control pills but generally contain higher hormone doses. Another form of emergency contraception uses an intrauterine device (IUD) inserted by a physician within 5 days after intercourse. Emergency contraception is also known as emergency birth control; emergency postcoital contraception; and postcoital contraception.
Emergency department
The department of a hospital responsible for the provision of medical and surgical care to patients arriving at the hospital in need of immediate care. Emergency department personnel may also respond to certain situations within the hospital such cardiac arrests. The emergency department is also called the emergency room or ER.
Emergency medical technician
A person trained in the performance of the procedures required in emergency medical care. You are most likely to find an EMT working with a mobile emergency response team, such as an ambulance or fire and rescue team. Some EMTs are employed in emergency rooms, or are hired to be present at sporting events, camps, or other locations where emergency response might be needed.
Emergency physician
A physician focused on the immediate decision making and action necessary to prevent death or any further disability both in the prehospital setting by directing emergency medical technicians and in the emergency department. The emergency physician provides immediate recognition, evaluation, care, stabilization, and disposition of a generally diversified population of adult and pediatric patients in response to acute illness and injury.
RELATED TERMS--------------------------------------
Malignant
Cancerous; life-threatening.
Germ
A disease-causing microorganism.
Cell
Fundamental structural unit of all life. The cell consists primarily of an outer plasma membrane, which separates it from the environment; the genetic material (DNA), which encodes heritable information for the maintainance of life; and the cytoplasm, a heterogeneous assemblage of ions, molecules, and fluid.
Tumor
Overgrowth of tissue.
Testes
The pair of male glands, contained in the scrotum, that produce sperm.
Microscope
A microscope (Greek: micron = small and scopos = aim) is an instrument for viewing objects that are too small to be seen by the naked or unaided eye. The science of investigating small objects using such an instrument is called microscopy, and the term microscopic means minute or very small, not easily visible with the unaided eye. In other words, requiring a microscope to examine.
Carcinoma
Cancer that begins in the tissues that line or cover an organ.
Ovary
The female sex gland that contains ova, or eggs.
SIMILAR TERMS--------------------------------------
Embreeville Center
The Embreeville Center is a hospital in Coatesville, Pennsylvania, United States.
Embryo
The early stages of development before an organism becomes self supporting.
Embryo biopsy
An experimental test for genetic defects in embryos before they are implanted using IVF (in vitro fertilization).
Embryo splitting
Separation of an early-stage embryo into two or more embryos with identical genetic makeup, essentially creating identical twins or higher multiples (triplets, quadruplets, etc.).
Embryo transfer
An assisted reproductive technology in which an already fertilized egg is inserted into a woman's uterus to help her get pregnant.
Embryoid bodies (EBs)
Irregularly shaped clumps of cellular structures that arise when embryonic stem cells or embryonic germ cells are cultured. Embryoid bodies usually contain tissue from all three of the germ layers: endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm. Embryoid bodies are not part of normal development and occur only in vitro.
Embryonic
Undeveloped, related to the embryo.
Embryonic germ cells
Pluripotent stem cell lines that migrate, during early development, to the future gonads to form the progenitors of egg or sperm cells. The properties of EG cells are similar to those of embryonic stem cells, but may differ in the DNA methylation of some imprinted regions.
Embryonic hemoglobin
Hemoglobin E, the normal embryonic hemoglobin, the main type of hemoglobin found in the human embryo. The E stands for embryonic and also for epsilon, the chain unique to embryonic hemoglobin (which was originally known as Gower-2).
Embryonic stem cell lines
Populations of dividing cells established from embryonic stem cells and cultured in the laboratory. Within embryonic cell lines are cells that can produce more embryonic stem cells or, under conditions of differentiation, give rise to collections of cells that include most or all cell types that can be found in a postimplantation embryo, fetus, or developed organism.
Embryonic stem cells
Primitive (undifferentiated ) cultured cells from the embryo that have the potential to become a wide variety of specialized cell types, (that is, are pluripotent). They are derived from the inner cell mass of the blastocyst. Embryonic stem cells are not embryos; by themselves, they cannot produce the necessary cell types, such as trophectoderm cells, in an organized fashion so as to give rise to a complete organism.
PREVIOUS AND NEXT TERMS--------------------------------------
EM (electron microscope)
A microscope in which an electron beam replaces light to form the image. EM stands for electron microscope (the device) and for electron microscopy (the technique and field).
Emboli
Something that travels through the bloodstream, lodges in a blood vessel and blocks it. Examples of emboli are a detached blood clot, a clump of bacteria, and foreign material such as air. Pulmonary emboli are blood clots that have been carried through the blood into the pulmonary artery (the main blood vessel from the heart to the lung) or one of its branches, plugging that vessel.
Embolism, paradoxical
Passage of a clot (thrombus) from a vein to an artery. When clots in veins break off (embolize) , they travel first to the right side of the heart and, normally, then to the lungs where they lodge. The lungs act as a filter to prevent the clots from entering the arterial circulation. However, when there is a hole in the wall between the two upper chambers of the heart (an atrial septal defect), a clot can cross from the right to the left side of the heart, then pass into the arteries as a paradoxical embolism. Once in the arterial circulation, a clot can travel to the brain, block a vessel there, and cause a stroke (cerebrovascular accident). Because of the risk of stroke from paradoxical embolism, it is usually recommended that even small atrial septal defects be repaired. Also called crossed embolism.
Embolism, pulmonary
The obstruction of the pulmonary artery or a branch of it leading to the lungs by a blood clot, usually from the leg, or foreign material causing sudden closure of the vessel. (Embolus is from the Greek "embolos" meaning plug.) The risk factors for pulmonary embolism include advanced age, cancer, genetic predisposition, immobilization (especially in the hospital), pelvic or leg trauma, pregnancy, and surgery. The diagnosis of pulmonary embolism can be difficult because the symptoms are nonspecific and may mimic many other diseases. Pulmonary angiography is the gold standard test. Other tests may include oximetry and arterial blood gas analysis and imaging such as chest x-rays and ultrasonography. The treatment includes anticoagulants such as heparin and warfarin (Coumadin). About 10- 15% of patients with pulmonary embolism die.
Embolization
A treatment that clogs small blood vessels and blocks the flow of blood, such as to a tumor.
Embryonal carcinoma
Embryonic hemoglobin
Hemoglobin E, the normal embryonic hemoglobin, the main type of hemoglobin found in the human embryo. The E stands for embryonic and also for epsilon, the chain unique to embryonic hemoglobin (which was originally known as Gower-2).
Emergency contraception
The prevention of pregnancy after unprotected vaginal intercourse. Emergency contraception may use drugs related to the female hormones estrogen and progesterone. These "morning-after pill" are similar to birth control pills but generally contain higher hormone doses. Another form of emergency contraception uses an intrauterine device (IUD) inserted by a physician within 5 days after intercourse. Emergency contraception is also known as emergency birth control; emergency postcoital contraception; and postcoital contraception.
Emergency department
The department of a hospital responsible for the provision of medical and surgical care to patients arriving at the hospital in need of immediate care. Emergency department personnel may also respond to certain situations within the hospital such cardiac arrests. The emergency department is also called the emergency room or ER.
Emergency medical technician
A person trained in the performance of the procedures required in emergency medical care. You are most likely to find an EMT working with a mobile emergency response team, such as an ambulance or fire and rescue team. Some EMTs are employed in emergency rooms, or are hired to be present at sporting events, camps, or other locations where emergency response might be needed.
Emergency physician
A physician focused on the immediate decision making and action necessary to prevent death or any further disability both in the prehospital setting by directing emergency medical technicians and in the emergency department. The emergency physician provides immediate recognition, evaluation, care, stabilization, and disposition of a generally diversified population of adult and pediatric patients in response to acute illness and injury.
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This dictionary contains 19186 terms.
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