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| This glossary contains: 19186 medical terms |
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Draft DNA sequence
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Draft DNA sequenceSequence of a DNA with less accuracy than a finished sequence. In a draft sequence, some segments are missing or are in the wrong order or are oriented incorrectly. A draft sequence is as opposed to a finished DNA sequence.
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Down syndrome features
Children with Down syndrome have multiple malformations and mental impairment due to the presence of extra material from chromosome 21. Among the more common physical features are hypotonia (floppiness), small head with brachycephaly, epicanthic folds across the inside corners of the eyes, upward outward slanting palpebral fissures (eye slits), Brushfield spots in the iris, small mouth, small ears, excessive skin at the nape of the neck, a single transverse palmar crease, and short fifth finger with clinodactyly (incurving). A wide space, often with a deep fissure between the first and second toes, is also common. There is an increased risk of congenital heart defects (50%); leukemia (<1%); hearing loss (75%); otitis media (ear infections) (50%-70%); Hirschsprung disease with absence of nerves from the bowel (<1%); gastrointestinal atresia (12%); eye disease (60%), including cataracts (15%) and severe refractive errors (50%); acquired hip dislocation (6%); obstructive sleep apnea (50%-75%); and thyroid disease (15%). There is no increased risk of solid tumors.
Downregulation
An decrease in the number of receptors on the surface of target cells, making the cells less sensitive to a hormone or another agent. Some receptors can be rapidly down regulated.
Doxorubicin cardiomyopathy
Heart disease due to the drug doxorubicin (brand name:Adriamycin), a potent broad-spectrum antitumor agent effective in treating a variety of cancers including solid tumors and leukemia. Unfortunately, its clinical use is limited by dose-dependent cardiac side effects that lead to degenerative cardiomyopathy, congestive heart failure, and death. In addition, some adult patients treated with the drug when they were children later develop dilated cardiomyopathy. Endocardial biopsies from patients undergoing doxorubicin therapy reveal a disruption of myofibrils, impairment of microtubule assembly, and a swelling of the endoplasmic reticulum. Doxorubicin cardiotoxicity is also characterized by a dose-dependent decline in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and a decrease in high-energy phosphate pools.
Doyne honeycomb retinal dystrophy
Abbreviated DHRD. An eye disease also known as malattia leventinese.
DPT immunization
Immunization to protect against diphtheria, pertussis (whooping cough), and tetanus. DPT immunizations are given in a series of 5 shots at 2, 4, 6, 18 months of age and 4-6 years of age. Thanks to vaccination programs, these diseases have become less common. However, there are still unvaccinated individuals capable of carrying and passing diphtheria and pertussis to others who are not vaccinated. Tetanus bacteria are prevalent in natural surroundings, such as contaminated soil.
Draft DNA sequence
Drain
A device for removing fluid from a cavity or wound. A drain is typically a tube or wick.
DRE (digital rectal exam)
An exam done to detect abnormalities that can be felt (palpated) from within the rectum. The doctor inserts a lubricated, gloved finger into the rectum and feels for anything that is not normal. The digital rectal exam is an important screening test for the detection of tumors of the rectum and prostate abnormalities, including benign enlargement of the prostate (benign prostatic hyperplasia) and cancer of the prostate.
Dream, pre-sleep
Also called a hypnagogic hallucination, this type of dream is characteristically vivid and occurs as one is falling asleep or awakening.
Dreams
Thoughts, visions, and other sensations that occupy the mind in sleep. Dreams occur during that part of sleep when there are rapid eye movements (REMs). We have 3 to 5 periods of REM sleep per night. They usually come at intervals of 1-2 hours and are quite variable in length. An episode of REM sleep may be brief and last but 5 minutes. Or it may be much longer and go for over an hour. About 20% of sleep is REM sleep. If you sleep 7-8 hours a night, perhaps an hour and half of that time, 90 minutes, is REM sleep. REM sleep is characterized by a number of other features besides REM, including rapid, low-voltage brain waves on the electroencephalographic (EEG) recording, irregular breathing and irregular heart rate and -- what may be most evident to someone else -- involuntary muscle jerks. Non-REM (NREM) sleep is dreamless sleep. During NREM, the brain waves on the EEG are typically slow and of high voltage, the breathing and heart rate are both slow and regular, the blood pressure is low, and the sleeper is relatively still. NREM sleep is divided into 4 stages of increasing depth. About 80% of sleep is NREM sleep. If you sleep 7-8 hours a night, all but maybe an hour and a half is spent in dreamless NREM sleep. Dreams are penetrable; it has been found experimentally that one can communicate with a person who is dreaming.
Dressler syndrome
Pericarditis (inflammation of the pericardium, the sac-like covering of the heart) after a heart attack.
SIMILAR TERMS--------------------------------------
PREVIOUS AND NEXT TERMS--------------------------------------
Down syndrome features
Children with Down syndrome have multiple malformations and mental impairment due to the presence of extra material from chromosome 21. Among the more common physical features are hypotonia (floppiness), small head with brachycephaly, epicanthic folds across the inside corners of the eyes, upward outward slanting palpebral fissures (eye slits), Brushfield spots in the iris, small mouth, small ears, excessive skin at the nape of the neck, a single transverse palmar crease, and short fifth finger with clinodactyly (incurving). A wide space, often with a deep fissure between the first and second toes, is also common. There is an increased risk of congenital heart defects (50%); leukemia (<1%); hearing loss (75%); otitis media (ear infections) (50%-70%); Hirschsprung disease with absence of nerves from the bowel (<1%); gastrointestinal atresia (12%); eye disease (60%), including cataracts (15%) and severe refractive errors (50%); acquired hip dislocation (6%); obstructive sleep apnea (50%-75%); and thyroid disease (15%). There is no increased risk of solid tumors.
Downregulation
An decrease in the number of receptors on the surface of target cells, making the cells less sensitive to a hormone or another agent. Some receptors can be rapidly down regulated.
Doxorubicin cardiomyopathy
Heart disease due to the drug doxorubicin (brand name:Adriamycin), a potent broad-spectrum antitumor agent effective in treating a variety of cancers including solid tumors and leukemia. Unfortunately, its clinical use is limited by dose-dependent cardiac side effects that lead to degenerative cardiomyopathy, congestive heart failure, and death. In addition, some adult patients treated with the drug when they were children later develop dilated cardiomyopathy. Endocardial biopsies from patients undergoing doxorubicin therapy reveal a disruption of myofibrils, impairment of microtubule assembly, and a swelling of the endoplasmic reticulum. Doxorubicin cardiotoxicity is also characterized by a dose-dependent decline in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and a decrease in high-energy phosphate pools.
Doyne honeycomb retinal dystrophy
Abbreviated DHRD. An eye disease also known as malattia leventinese.
DPT immunization
Immunization to protect against diphtheria, pertussis (whooping cough), and tetanus. DPT immunizations are given in a series of 5 shots at 2, 4, 6, 18 months of age and 4-6 years of age. Thanks to vaccination programs, these diseases have become less common. However, there are still unvaccinated individuals capable of carrying and passing diphtheria and pertussis to others who are not vaccinated. Tetanus bacteria are prevalent in natural surroundings, such as contaminated soil.
Draft DNA sequence
Drain
A device for removing fluid from a cavity or wound. A drain is typically a tube or wick.
DRE (digital rectal exam)
An exam done to detect abnormalities that can be felt (palpated) from within the rectum. The doctor inserts a lubricated, gloved finger into the rectum and feels for anything that is not normal. The digital rectal exam is an important screening test for the detection of tumors of the rectum and prostate abnormalities, including benign enlargement of the prostate (benign prostatic hyperplasia) and cancer of the prostate.
Dream, pre-sleep
Also called a hypnagogic hallucination, this type of dream is characteristically vivid and occurs as one is falling asleep or awakening.
Dreams
Thoughts, visions, and other sensations that occupy the mind in sleep. Dreams occur during that part of sleep when there are rapid eye movements (REMs). We have 3 to 5 periods of REM sleep per night. They usually come at intervals of 1-2 hours and are quite variable in length. An episode of REM sleep may be brief and last but 5 minutes. Or it may be much longer and go for over an hour. About 20% of sleep is REM sleep. If you sleep 7-8 hours a night, perhaps an hour and half of that time, 90 minutes, is REM sleep. REM sleep is characterized by a number of other features besides REM, including rapid, low-voltage brain waves on the electroencephalographic (EEG) recording, irregular breathing and irregular heart rate and -- what may be most evident to someone else -- involuntary muscle jerks. Non-REM (NREM) sleep is dreamless sleep. During NREM, the brain waves on the EEG are typically slow and of high voltage, the breathing and heart rate are both slow and regular, the blood pressure is low, and the sleeper is relatively still. NREM sleep is divided into 4 stages of increasing depth. About 80% of sleep is NREM sleep. If you sleep 7-8 hours a night, all but maybe an hour and a half is spent in dreamless NREM sleep. Dreams are penetrable; it has been found experimentally that one can communicate with a person who is dreaming.
Dressler syndrome
Pericarditis (inflammation of the pericardium, the sac-like covering of the heart) after a heart attack.
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This dictionary contains 19186 terms.
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