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Dicentric chromosome
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Dicentric chromosomeAn abnormal chromosome with two centromeres rather than the normal one. Every normal chromosome has one centromere that tethers it to the pole of the spindle and is essential to the chromosome at the time of cell division. However, a dicentric chromosome is doubly tethered (by its two centomeres) and is pulled to the opposite poles of the spindle when the cell divides, causing the chromosome to break.
RELATED TERMS--------------------------------------
Abnormal
Not normal. Deviating from the usual structure, position, condition, or behavior. In referring to a growth, abnormal may mean that it is cancerous or premalignant (likely to become cancer).
Chromosome
A structural unit within a eukaryotic nucleus that carries genes. A chromosome consists of a long, continuous strand of DNA and associated proteins.
Centromere
The cinched "waist" of the chromosome essential for the division and the retention of the chromosome in the cell. The centromere is a uniquely specialized region of the chromosome to which spindle fibers attach during cell division.
Essential
1. Something that cannot be done without. 2. Required in the diet, because the body cannot make it. As in an essential amino acid or an essential fatty acid. 3. Idiopathic. As in essential hypertension.
Cell
Fundamental structural unit of all life. The cell consists primarily of an outer plasma membrane, which separates it from the environment; the genetic material (DNA), which encodes heritable information for the maintainance of life; and the cytoplasm, a heterogeneous assemblage of ions, molecules, and fluid.
SIMILAR TERMS--------------------------------------
PREVIOUS AND NEXT TERMS--------------------------------------
Diarrhea, E. coli hemorrhagic
Bloody colitis (inflammation of the bowel) caused by E. coli. The diarrhea is severe with painful abdominal cramps, gross blood in the stool, and lasts for 6 to 8 days.
Diarrhea, rotavirus
A leading cause of severe winter diarrhea in infants and young children.
Diastrophic dysplasia
An inherited skeletal disorder involving significantly short stature (dwarfism). Characteristic features at birth include short birth length with short limbs (short-limbed dwarfism), "hitchhiker thumb", and clubfeet. Palatal malformations such as cleft palate or submucous cleft of the palate are present in 50% of patients. There is swelling of the ears in the first days to weeks of life in 80% of children; the swelling then spontaneously subsides but later the ears have a "cauliflower" appearance. Fingers are short and broad and show ulnar deviation (are inclined away from the thumb). The thumb itself has a hitch-hiker-type appearance.
Diathermy
The use of heat to destroy abnormal cells. Also called cauterization or electrodiathermy.
Dibenzoxazepine
A riot control agent or "tear gas."
Dicentric chromosome
DIDMOAD
An acronym that stands for Diabetes Insipidus (inability to concentrate the urine), Diabetes Mellitus, Optic Atrophy (degeneration of the nerve to the eye), and Deafness. These features are characteristic of this genetic disease which is also called the Wolfram syndrome. Patients usually also suffer from severe abnormalities of the nervous system that can be accompanied by behavior problems, psychiatric hospitalizations and, in about a quarter of cases, suicide attempts.
Dieldrin
A chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticide.
Dieldrix
Trade name of the insecticide dieldrin.
Diesel exhaust
The exhaust generated by diesel engines. This exhaust is a complex mixture of combustion products of diesel fuel. The exact composition depends on the type of engine, the speed and load at which it is run, and the composition of the fuel used.
Diesel exhaust particle
A respirable particle produced during the compression ignition of diesel fuel. Diesel particles are composed of elemental and organic carbon compounds as well as trace amount of other elements with toxic properties including transition metals.
RELATED TERMS--------------------------------------
Abnormal
Not normal. Deviating from the usual structure, position, condition, or behavior. In referring to a growth, abnormal may mean that it is cancerous or premalignant (likely to become cancer).
Chromosome
A structural unit within a eukaryotic nucleus that carries genes. A chromosome consists of a long, continuous strand of DNA and associated proteins.
Centromere
The cinched "waist" of the chromosome essential for the division and the retention of the chromosome in the cell. The centromere is a uniquely specialized region of the chromosome to which spindle fibers attach during cell division.
Essential
1. Something that cannot be done without. 2. Required in the diet, because the body cannot make it. As in an essential amino acid or an essential fatty acid. 3. Idiopathic. As in essential hypertension.
Cell
Fundamental structural unit of all life. The cell consists primarily of an outer plasma membrane, which separates it from the environment; the genetic material (DNA), which encodes heritable information for the maintainance of life; and the cytoplasm, a heterogeneous assemblage of ions, molecules, and fluid.
SIMILAR TERMS--------------------------------------
PREVIOUS AND NEXT TERMS--------------------------------------
Diarrhea, E. coli hemorrhagic
Bloody colitis (inflammation of the bowel) caused by E. coli. The diarrhea is severe with painful abdominal cramps, gross blood in the stool, and lasts for 6 to 8 days.
Diarrhea, rotavirus
A leading cause of severe winter diarrhea in infants and young children.
Diastrophic dysplasia
An inherited skeletal disorder involving significantly short stature (dwarfism). Characteristic features at birth include short birth length with short limbs (short-limbed dwarfism), "hitchhiker thumb", and clubfeet. Palatal malformations such as cleft palate or submucous cleft of the palate are present in 50% of patients. There is swelling of the ears in the first days to weeks of life in 80% of children; the swelling then spontaneously subsides but later the ears have a "cauliflower" appearance. Fingers are short and broad and show ulnar deviation (are inclined away from the thumb). The thumb itself has a hitch-hiker-type appearance.
Diathermy
The use of heat to destroy abnormal cells. Also called cauterization or electrodiathermy.
Dibenzoxazepine
A riot control agent or "tear gas."
Dicentric chromosome
DIDMOAD
An acronym that stands for Diabetes Insipidus (inability to concentrate the urine), Diabetes Mellitus, Optic Atrophy (degeneration of the nerve to the eye), and Deafness. These features are characteristic of this genetic disease which is also called the Wolfram syndrome. Patients usually also suffer from severe abnormalities of the nervous system that can be accompanied by behavior problems, psychiatric hospitalizations and, in about a quarter of cases, suicide attempts.
Dieldrin
A chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticide.
Dieldrix
Trade name of the insecticide dieldrin.
Diesel exhaust
The exhaust generated by diesel engines. This exhaust is a complex mixture of combustion products of diesel fuel. The exact composition depends on the type of engine, the speed and load at which it is run, and the composition of the fuel used.
Diesel exhaust particle
A respirable particle produced during the compression ignition of diesel fuel. Diesel particles are composed of elemental and organic carbon compounds as well as trace amount of other elements with toxic properties including transition metals.
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This dictionary contains 19186 terms.
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