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| This glossary contains: 19186 medical terms |
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Diastrophic dysplasia
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Diastrophic dysplasiaAn inherited skeletal disorder involving significantly short stature (dwarfism). Characteristic features at birth include short birth length with short limbs (short-limbed dwarfism), "hitchhiker thumb", and clubfeet. Palatal malformations such as cleft palate or submucous cleft of the palate are present in 50% of patients. There is swelling of the ears in the first days to weeks of life in 80% of children; the swelling then spontaneously subsides but later the ears have a "cauliflower" appearance. Fingers are short and broad and show ulnar deviation (are inclined away from the thumb). The thumb itself has a hitch-hiker-type appearance.
RELATED TERMS--------------------------------------
Palate
Hard and soft tissue forming the roof of the mouth.
Ulnar
Relating to the ulna.
SIMILAR TERMS--------------------------------------
Diaschisis
Diaschisis refers to a physiological phenomenon based on reversible depression of functions anatomically or functionally connected to the damaged area.
Diasone sodium
Diasone sodium is a prescription or over-the-counter drug which is (or once was) approved in the United States and possibly in other countries. Active ingredient(s): sulfoxone sodium.
Diastat
Diastat is a prescription or over-the-counter drug which is (or once was) approved in the United States and possibly in other countries. Active ingredient(s): diazepam.
Diastema
Space between teeth.
Diastole
The relaxation phase of the heartbeat.
Diastolic
The lower number in a blood pressure reading that indicates the pressure in the heart when the muscle is relaxed (the point of least pressure).
Diastolic blood pressure
The lowest blood pressure measure in the arteries, which occurs between heartbeats.
Diastolic Pressure
The pressure of the blood in the arteries when the heart is filling. It is the lower of two blood pressure measurements, e.g., 120/80, where 80 is the diastolic pressure.
Diastrophic dwarfism
Short stature, cleft palate, thick pinnae and other features. Autosomal recessive inheritance.
PREVIOUS AND NEXT TERMS--------------------------------------
Diarrhea and dermatitis, zinc deficiency
Among the consequences of zinc deficiency, dermatitis (skin inflammation) and diarrhea are particularly prominent features.
Diarrhea, antibiotic-induced
A bacterium called Clostridium difficile (C.difficile), one of the most common causes of infection of the large bowel (colon). Patients taking antibiotics are at particular risk of becoming infected with C. difficile. Antibiotics disrupt the normal bacteria of the bowel, allowing C. difficile bacteria (and other bacteria) to become established and overgrow the colon. Many persons infected with C. difficile bacteria have no symptoms but can become carriers of the bacteria and infect others. In other people, a toxin produced by C. difficile causes diarrhea, abdominal pain, severe inflammation of the colon (colitis), fever, an elevated white blood count, vomiting and dehydration. In severely affected patients, the inner lining of the colon becomes severely inflamed (a condition called pseudomembranous colitis). Rarely, the walls of the colon wear away and holes develop (colon perforation), which can lead to a life-threatening infection of the abdomen.
Diarrhea, Brainerd
A syndrome characterized by the acute onset of watery nonbloody diarrhea (3 or more loose stools per day), lasting 4 weeks or more, and resolving spontaneously. The disease is of unknown causation and appears in outbreaks or as sporadic cases.
Diarrhea, E. coli hemorrhagic
Bloody colitis (inflammation of the bowel) caused by E. coli. The diarrhea is severe with painful abdominal cramps, gross blood in the stool, and lasts for 6 to 8 days.
Diarrhea, rotavirus
A leading cause of severe winter diarrhea in infants and young children.
Diastrophic dysplasia
Diathermy
The use of heat to destroy abnormal cells. Also called cauterization or electrodiathermy.
Dibenzoxazepine
A riot control agent or "tear gas."
Dicentric chromosome
An abnormal chromosome with two centromeres rather than the normal one. Every normal chromosome has one centromere that tethers it to the pole of the spindle and is essential to the chromosome at the time of cell division. However, a dicentric chromosome is doubly tethered (by its two centomeres) and is pulled to the opposite poles of the spindle when the cell divides, causing the chromosome to break.
DIDMOAD
An acronym that stands for Diabetes Insipidus (inability to concentrate the urine), Diabetes Mellitus, Optic Atrophy (degeneration of the nerve to the eye), and Deafness. These features are characteristic of this genetic disease which is also called the Wolfram syndrome. Patients usually also suffer from severe abnormalities of the nervous system that can be accompanied by behavior problems, psychiatric hospitalizations and, in about a quarter of cases, suicide attempts.
Dieldrin
A chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticide.
RELATED TERMS--------------------------------------
Palate
Hard and soft tissue forming the roof of the mouth.
Ulnar
Relating to the ulna.
SIMILAR TERMS--------------------------------------
Diaschisis
Diaschisis refers to a physiological phenomenon based on reversible depression of functions anatomically or functionally connected to the damaged area.
Diasone sodium
Diasone sodium is a prescription or over-the-counter drug which is (or once was) approved in the United States and possibly in other countries. Active ingredient(s): sulfoxone sodium.
Diastat
Diastat is a prescription or over-the-counter drug which is (or once was) approved in the United States and possibly in other countries. Active ingredient(s): diazepam.
Diastema
Space between teeth.
Diastole
The relaxation phase of the heartbeat.
Diastolic
The lower number in a blood pressure reading that indicates the pressure in the heart when the muscle is relaxed (the point of least pressure).
Diastolic blood pressure
The lowest blood pressure measure in the arteries, which occurs between heartbeats.
Diastolic Pressure
The pressure of the blood in the arteries when the heart is filling. It is the lower of two blood pressure measurements, e.g., 120/80, where 80 is the diastolic pressure.
Diastrophic dwarfism
Short stature, cleft palate, thick pinnae and other features. Autosomal recessive inheritance.
PREVIOUS AND NEXT TERMS--------------------------------------
Diarrhea and dermatitis, zinc deficiency
Among the consequences of zinc deficiency, dermatitis (skin inflammation) and diarrhea are particularly prominent features.
Diarrhea, antibiotic-induced
A bacterium called Clostridium difficile (C.difficile), one of the most common causes of infection of the large bowel (colon). Patients taking antibiotics are at particular risk of becoming infected with C. difficile. Antibiotics disrupt the normal bacteria of the bowel, allowing C. difficile bacteria (and other bacteria) to become established and overgrow the colon. Many persons infected with C. difficile bacteria have no symptoms but can become carriers of the bacteria and infect others. In other people, a toxin produced by C. difficile causes diarrhea, abdominal pain, severe inflammation of the colon (colitis), fever, an elevated white blood count, vomiting and dehydration. In severely affected patients, the inner lining of the colon becomes severely inflamed (a condition called pseudomembranous colitis). Rarely, the walls of the colon wear away and holes develop (colon perforation), which can lead to a life-threatening infection of the abdomen.
Diarrhea, Brainerd
A syndrome characterized by the acute onset of watery nonbloody diarrhea (3 or more loose stools per day), lasting 4 weeks or more, and resolving spontaneously. The disease is of unknown causation and appears in outbreaks or as sporadic cases.
Diarrhea, E. coli hemorrhagic
Bloody colitis (inflammation of the bowel) caused by E. coli. The diarrhea is severe with painful abdominal cramps, gross blood in the stool, and lasts for 6 to 8 days.
Diarrhea, rotavirus
A leading cause of severe winter diarrhea in infants and young children.
Diastrophic dysplasia
Diathermy
The use of heat to destroy abnormal cells. Also called cauterization or electrodiathermy.
Dibenzoxazepine
A riot control agent or "tear gas."
Dicentric chromosome
An abnormal chromosome with two centromeres rather than the normal one. Every normal chromosome has one centromere that tethers it to the pole of the spindle and is essential to the chromosome at the time of cell division. However, a dicentric chromosome is doubly tethered (by its two centomeres) and is pulled to the opposite poles of the spindle when the cell divides, causing the chromosome to break.
DIDMOAD
An acronym that stands for Diabetes Insipidus (inability to concentrate the urine), Diabetes Mellitus, Optic Atrophy (degeneration of the nerve to the eye), and Deafness. These features are characteristic of this genetic disease which is also called the Wolfram syndrome. Patients usually also suffer from severe abnormalities of the nervous system that can be accompanied by behavior problems, psychiatric hospitalizations and, in about a quarter of cases, suicide attempts.
Dieldrin
A chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticide.
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This dictionary contains 19186 terms.
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