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| This glossary contains: 19186 medical terms |
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Cyclin D
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Cyclin DA family of three closely related proteins termed cyclin D1, D2 and D3 that are expressed in an overlapping redundant fashion in all proliferating cell types and collectively control the progression of cells through the cell cycle. Since the D-cyclins are essential to cell division, they may also be involved in cancer.
RELATED TERMS--------------------------------------
Family
1. A group of individuals related by blood or marriage or by a feeling of closeness. 2. A biological classification of related plants or animals that is a division below the order and above the genus. 3. A group of genes related in structure and in function that descended from an ancestral gene. 4. A group of gene products similarly related in structure and function and of shared genetic descent. 5. Parents and their children. The most fundamental social group in humans.
Cyclin
One of a group of proteins that regulate the cell cycle. The cyclins bind to and activate cyclin-dependent kinases. The cyclins include cyclin A, cyclin B, cyclin C, cyclin D, cyclin E, cyclin F, cyclin G, cyclin H, cyclin K, and cyclin T.
Cell
Fundamental structural unit of all life. The cell consists primarily of an outer plasma membrane, which separates it from the environment; the genetic material (DNA), which encodes heritable information for the maintainance of life; and the cytoplasm, a heterogeneous assemblage of ions, molecules, and fluid.
Essential
1. Something that cannot be done without. 2. Required in the diet, because the body cannot make it. As in an essential amino acid or an essential fatty acid. 3. Idiopathic. As in essential hypertension.
Cancer
Any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream.
SIMILAR TERMS--------------------------------------
Cyclacillin
Cyclacillin is a prescription or over-the-counter drug which is (or once was) approved in the United States and possibly in other countries. Active ingredient(s): cyclacillin.
Cyclaine
Cyclaine is a prescription or over-the-counter drug which is (or once was) approved in the United States and possibly in other countries. Active ingredient(s): hexylcaine hydrochloride.
Cyclamate
A man-made chemical that people used instead of sugar. The Food and Drug Administration banned the sale of cyclamates in 1973 because lab tests showed that large amounts of cyclamates can cause bladder cancer in rats.
Cyclapen-w
Cyclapen-w is a prescription or over-the-counter drug which is (or once was) approved in the United States and possibly in other countries. Active ingredient(s): cyclacillin.
Cycle, cell
The sequence of events within the cell between mitotic (cell) divisions.
Cyclessa
Cyclessa is a prescription or over-the-counter drug which is (or once was) approved in the United States and possibly in other countries. Active ingredient(s): desogestrel; ethinyl estradiol.
Cyclic AMP
A second messenger that begins the biological response initiated by a hormone. Cyclic AMP is derived from ATP. Many endocrine hormones use cyclic AMP as their second messenger.
Cyclic citrullinated peptide
A circular peptide containing the amino acid citrulline. Abbreviated CCP. Autoantibodies directed against CCP are found in people with rheumatoid arthritis.
Cyclic GMP
A second messenger that begins the biological response initiated by a hormone. Cyclic GMP is the second messenger induced by nitric oxide.
Cyclic vomiting syndrome
A syndrome characterized by episodes, bouts, or cycles of severe nausea and vomiting that last for hours or even days and alternate with longer asymptomatic periods (with no symptoms). The cause of the syndrome is unknown. Each episode is similar to previous ones and tends to start at about the same time of day, last the same length of time, and present the same symptoms at the same level of intensity. Episodes of CVS can be so severe that a person may have to stay in bed for days, unable to go to school or work. Because other common diseases and disorders can also cause cycles of vomiting, people with the syndrome may initially be misdiagnosed.
Cyclic vomiting syndrome (CVS)
Sudden, repeated attacks of severe vomiting (especially in children), nausea, and physical exhaustion with no apparent cause. Can last from a few hours to 10 days. The episodes begin and end suddenly. Loss of fluids in the body and changes in chemicals in the body can require immediate medical attention. Also called abdominal migraine.
Cyclin
One of a group of proteins that regulate the cell cycle. The cyclins bind to and activate cyclin-dependent kinases. The cyclins include cyclin A, cyclin B, cyclin C, cyclin D, cyclin E, cyclin F, cyclin G, cyclin H, cyclin K, and cyclin T.
Cyclin E
A protein that is part of a molecular network that controls the cell cycle. There are a large number of cyclin proteins involved in this endeavor. Cyclin E specifically regulates the transition from the G1 phase to the S phase of the cell cycle. A high level of cyclin E accelerates the transition of the cell through the G1 phase.
Cyclobenzaprine
Cyclobenzaprine is a prescription or over-the-counter drug which is (or once was) approved in the United States and possibly in other countries. Active ingredient(s): cyclobenzaprine hydrochloride.
Cyclobenzaprine hcl
Cyclobenzaprine hcl is a prescription or over-the-counter drug which is (or once was) approved in the United States and possibly in other countries. Active ingredient(s): cyclobenzaprine hydrochloride.
Cyclocort
Cyclocort is a prescription or over-the-counter drug which is (or once was) approved in the United States and possibly in other countries. Active ingredient(s): amcinonide.
Cyclogyl
Cyclogyl is a prescription or over-the-counter drug which is (or once was) approved in the United States and possibly in other countries. Active ingredient(s): cyclopentolate hydrochloride.
Cyclomydril
Cyclomydril is a prescription or over-the-counter drug which is (or once was) approved in the United States and possibly in other countries. Active ingredient(s): cyclopentolate hydrochloride; phenylephrine hydrochloride.
Cyclooxygenase
An enzyme that is responsible for formation of important biological mediators called prostanoids (including prostaglandins, prostacyclin and thromboxane). Pharmacological inhibition of COX can provide relief from the symptoms of inflammation and pain. This is the method of action of well-known drugs such as aspirin and ibuprofen.
Cyclopar
Cyclopar is a prescription or over-the-counter drug which is (or once was) approved in the United States and possibly in other countries. Active ingredient(s): tetracycline hydrochloride.
Cyclopentolate hcl
Cyclopentolate hcl is a prescription or over-the-counter drug which is (or once was) approved in the United States and possibly in other countries. Active ingredient(s): cyclopentolate hydrochloride.
Cyclophosphamide
Cyclophosphamide is a prescription or over-the-counter drug which is (or once was) approved in the United States and possibly in other countries. Active ingredient(s): cyclophosphamide.
Cyclopia
A congenital abnormality (birth defect) in which there is only one eye. That eye is centrally placed in the area normally occupied by the root of the nose. There is a missing nose or a nose in the form of a proboscis (a tubular appendage) located above the eye.
Cycloplegia
A paralysis of the ciliary muscles following the instillation of eye drops. This produces a loss of accommodation or focusing ability. With the lens relaxed, a better estimate of the refractive error is possible in most cases. Most cycloplegic eye drops also dilate the pupil. Cycloplegia may last from a few hours to several days, depending on certain factors such as skin color – the lighter the longer.
Cyclops
A common freshwater crustacean. Some species of Cyclops serve as hosts for parasites such as the guinea worm, the cause of dracunculiasis (guinea worm disease).
Cyclospora infection
Infection with Cyclospora cayetanensis, a single-celled parasite. The first known human cases of illness caused by Cyclospora were reported in 1979. More recently, outbreaks of cyclosporiasis have been reported in the US and Canada. Cyclospora is spread by people ingesting water or food that was contaminated with infected stool. Outbreaks of cyclosporiasis have been linked to various types of fresh produce. People of all ages are at risk for the infection. The time between becoming infected and becoming sick is usually about 1 week. Cyclospora infects the small intestine (bowel) and usually causes watery diarrhea, with frequent, sometimes explosive, bowel movements. Other symptoms can include loss of appetite, substantial loss of weight, bloating, increased gas, stomach cramps, nausea, vomiting, muscle aches, low-grade fever, and fatigue. If not treated, the illness may last from a few days to a month or longer. Symptoms may seem to go away and then return one or more times (relapse).
Cyclosporiasis
Infection with the parasite Cyclospora cayetanensis.
Cyclosporin
An immunosuppressive agent derived from fermentation of a soil fungi.
Cyclosporine
Cyclosporine is a prescription or over-the-counter drug which is (or once was) approved in the United States and possibly in other countries. Active ingredient(s): cyclosporine.
Cyclosporine Level Test
A blood test that measures the amount of cyclosporine in the blood. Based on the amount of cyclosporine measured, a physician decides what dose of cyclosporine is appropriate for a patient.
Cyclothymia
A form of bipolar disorder in which the mood swings are less severe.
PREVIOUS AND NEXT TERMS--------------------------------------
Cyanotic
Showing cyanosis (bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes due to not enough oxygen in the blood).
Cycle, cell
The sequence of events within the cell between mitotic (cell) divisions.
Cyclic citrullinated peptide
A circular peptide containing the amino acid citrulline. Abbreviated CCP. Autoantibodies directed against CCP are found in people with rheumatoid arthritis.
Cyclic vomiting syndrome
A syndrome characterized by episodes, bouts, or cycles of severe nausea and vomiting that last for hours or even days and alternate with longer asymptomatic periods (with no symptoms). The cause of the syndrome is unknown. Each episode is similar to previous ones and tends to start at about the same time of day, last the same length of time, and present the same symptoms at the same level of intensity. Episodes of CVS can be so severe that a person may have to stay in bed for days, unable to go to school or work. Because other common diseases and disorders can also cause cycles of vomiting, people with the syndrome may initially be misdiagnosed.
Cyclin
One of a group of proteins that regulate the cell cycle. The cyclins bind to and activate cyclin-dependent kinases. The cyclins include cyclin A, cyclin B, cyclin C, cyclin D, cyclin E, cyclin F, cyclin G, cyclin H, cyclin K, and cyclin T.
Cyclin D
Cyclin E
A protein that is part of a molecular network that controls the cell cycle. There are a large number of cyclin proteins involved in this endeavor. Cyclin E specifically regulates the transition from the G1 phase to the S phase of the cell cycle. A high level of cyclin E accelerates the transition of the cell through the G1 phase.
Cyclopia
A congenital abnormality (birth defect) in which there is only one eye. That eye is centrally placed in the area normally occupied by the root of the nose. There is a missing nose or a nose in the form of a proboscis (a tubular appendage) located above the eye.
Cyclops
A common freshwater crustacean. Some species of Cyclops serve as hosts for parasites such as the guinea worm, the cause of dracunculiasis (guinea worm disease).
Cyclospora infection
Infection with Cyclospora cayetanensis, a single-celled parasite. The first known human cases of illness caused by Cyclospora were reported in 1979. More recently, outbreaks of cyclosporiasis have been reported in the US and Canada. Cyclospora is spread by people ingesting water or food that was contaminated with infected stool. Outbreaks of cyclosporiasis have been linked to various types of fresh produce. People of all ages are at risk for the infection. The time between becoming infected and becoming sick is usually about 1 week. Cyclospora infects the small intestine (bowel) and usually causes watery diarrhea, with frequent, sometimes explosive, bowel movements. Other symptoms can include loss of appetite, substantial loss of weight, bloating, increased gas, stomach cramps, nausea, vomiting, muscle aches, low-grade fever, and fatigue. If not treated, the illness may last from a few days to a month or longer. Symptoms may seem to go away and then return one or more times (relapse).
Cyclosporiasis
Infection with the parasite Cyclospora cayetanensis.
RELATED TERMS--------------------------------------
Family
1. A group of individuals related by blood or marriage or by a feeling of closeness. 2. A biological classification of related plants or animals that is a division below the order and above the genus. 3. A group of genes related in structure and in function that descended from an ancestral gene. 4. A group of gene products similarly related in structure and function and of shared genetic descent. 5. Parents and their children. The most fundamental social group in humans.
Cyclin
One of a group of proteins that regulate the cell cycle. The cyclins bind to and activate cyclin-dependent kinases. The cyclins include cyclin A, cyclin B, cyclin C, cyclin D, cyclin E, cyclin F, cyclin G, cyclin H, cyclin K, and cyclin T.
Cell
Fundamental structural unit of all life. The cell consists primarily of an outer plasma membrane, which separates it from the environment; the genetic material (DNA), which encodes heritable information for the maintainance of life; and the cytoplasm, a heterogeneous assemblage of ions, molecules, and fluid.
Essential
1. Something that cannot be done without. 2. Required in the diet, because the body cannot make it. As in an essential amino acid or an essential fatty acid. 3. Idiopathic. As in essential hypertension.
Cancer
Any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream.
SIMILAR TERMS--------------------------------------
Cyclacillin
Cyclacillin is a prescription or over-the-counter drug which is (or once was) approved in the United States and possibly in other countries. Active ingredient(s): cyclacillin.
Cyclaine
Cyclaine is a prescription or over-the-counter drug which is (or once was) approved in the United States and possibly in other countries. Active ingredient(s): hexylcaine hydrochloride.
Cyclamate
A man-made chemical that people used instead of sugar. The Food and Drug Administration banned the sale of cyclamates in 1973 because lab tests showed that large amounts of cyclamates can cause bladder cancer in rats.
Cyclapen-w
Cyclapen-w is a prescription or over-the-counter drug which is (or once was) approved in the United States and possibly in other countries. Active ingredient(s): cyclacillin.
Cycle, cell
The sequence of events within the cell between mitotic (cell) divisions.
Cyclessa
Cyclessa is a prescription or over-the-counter drug which is (or once was) approved in the United States and possibly in other countries. Active ingredient(s): desogestrel; ethinyl estradiol.
Cyclic AMP
A second messenger that begins the biological response initiated by a hormone. Cyclic AMP is derived from ATP. Many endocrine hormones use cyclic AMP as their second messenger.
Cyclic citrullinated peptide
A circular peptide containing the amino acid citrulline. Abbreviated CCP. Autoantibodies directed against CCP are found in people with rheumatoid arthritis.
Cyclic GMP
A second messenger that begins the biological response initiated by a hormone. Cyclic GMP is the second messenger induced by nitric oxide.
Cyclic vomiting syndrome
A syndrome characterized by episodes, bouts, or cycles of severe nausea and vomiting that last for hours or even days and alternate with longer asymptomatic periods (with no symptoms). The cause of the syndrome is unknown. Each episode is similar to previous ones and tends to start at about the same time of day, last the same length of time, and present the same symptoms at the same level of intensity. Episodes of CVS can be so severe that a person may have to stay in bed for days, unable to go to school or work. Because other common diseases and disorders can also cause cycles of vomiting, people with the syndrome may initially be misdiagnosed.
Cyclic vomiting syndrome (CVS)
Sudden, repeated attacks of severe vomiting (especially in children), nausea, and physical exhaustion with no apparent cause. Can last from a few hours to 10 days. The episodes begin and end suddenly. Loss of fluids in the body and changes in chemicals in the body can require immediate medical attention. Also called abdominal migraine.
Cyclin
One of a group of proteins that regulate the cell cycle. The cyclins bind to and activate cyclin-dependent kinases. The cyclins include cyclin A, cyclin B, cyclin C, cyclin D, cyclin E, cyclin F, cyclin G, cyclin H, cyclin K, and cyclin T.
Cyclin E
A protein that is part of a molecular network that controls the cell cycle. There are a large number of cyclin proteins involved in this endeavor. Cyclin E specifically regulates the transition from the G1 phase to the S phase of the cell cycle. A high level of cyclin E accelerates the transition of the cell through the G1 phase.
Cyclobenzaprine
Cyclobenzaprine is a prescription or over-the-counter drug which is (or once was) approved in the United States and possibly in other countries. Active ingredient(s): cyclobenzaprine hydrochloride.
Cyclobenzaprine hcl
Cyclobenzaprine hcl is a prescription or over-the-counter drug which is (or once was) approved in the United States and possibly in other countries. Active ingredient(s): cyclobenzaprine hydrochloride.
Cyclocort
Cyclocort is a prescription or over-the-counter drug which is (or once was) approved in the United States and possibly in other countries. Active ingredient(s): amcinonide.
Cyclogyl
Cyclogyl is a prescription or over-the-counter drug which is (or once was) approved in the United States and possibly in other countries. Active ingredient(s): cyclopentolate hydrochloride.
Cyclomydril
Cyclomydril is a prescription or over-the-counter drug which is (or once was) approved in the United States and possibly in other countries. Active ingredient(s): cyclopentolate hydrochloride; phenylephrine hydrochloride.
Cyclooxygenase
An enzyme that is responsible for formation of important biological mediators called prostanoids (including prostaglandins, prostacyclin and thromboxane). Pharmacological inhibition of COX can provide relief from the symptoms of inflammation and pain. This is the method of action of well-known drugs such as aspirin and ibuprofen.
Cyclopar
Cyclopar is a prescription or over-the-counter drug which is (or once was) approved in the United States and possibly in other countries. Active ingredient(s): tetracycline hydrochloride.
Cyclopentolate hcl
Cyclopentolate hcl is a prescription or over-the-counter drug which is (or once was) approved in the United States and possibly in other countries. Active ingredient(s): cyclopentolate hydrochloride.
Cyclophosphamide
Cyclophosphamide is a prescription or over-the-counter drug which is (or once was) approved in the United States and possibly in other countries. Active ingredient(s): cyclophosphamide.
Cyclopia
A congenital abnormality (birth defect) in which there is only one eye. That eye is centrally placed in the area normally occupied by the root of the nose. There is a missing nose or a nose in the form of a proboscis (a tubular appendage) located above the eye.
Cycloplegia
A paralysis of the ciliary muscles following the instillation of eye drops. This produces a loss of accommodation or focusing ability. With the lens relaxed, a better estimate of the refractive error is possible in most cases. Most cycloplegic eye drops also dilate the pupil. Cycloplegia may last from a few hours to several days, depending on certain factors such as skin color – the lighter the longer.
Cyclops
A common freshwater crustacean. Some species of Cyclops serve as hosts for parasites such as the guinea worm, the cause of dracunculiasis (guinea worm disease).
Cyclospora infection
Infection with Cyclospora cayetanensis, a single-celled parasite. The first known human cases of illness caused by Cyclospora were reported in 1979. More recently, outbreaks of cyclosporiasis have been reported in the US and Canada. Cyclospora is spread by people ingesting water or food that was contaminated with infected stool. Outbreaks of cyclosporiasis have been linked to various types of fresh produce. People of all ages are at risk for the infection. The time between becoming infected and becoming sick is usually about 1 week. Cyclospora infects the small intestine (bowel) and usually causes watery diarrhea, with frequent, sometimes explosive, bowel movements. Other symptoms can include loss of appetite, substantial loss of weight, bloating, increased gas, stomach cramps, nausea, vomiting, muscle aches, low-grade fever, and fatigue. If not treated, the illness may last from a few days to a month or longer. Symptoms may seem to go away and then return one or more times (relapse).
Cyclosporiasis
Infection with the parasite Cyclospora cayetanensis.
Cyclosporin
An immunosuppressive agent derived from fermentation of a soil fungi.
Cyclosporine
Cyclosporine is a prescription or over-the-counter drug which is (or once was) approved in the United States and possibly in other countries. Active ingredient(s): cyclosporine.
Cyclosporine Level Test
A blood test that measures the amount of cyclosporine in the blood. Based on the amount of cyclosporine measured, a physician decides what dose of cyclosporine is appropriate for a patient.
Cyclothymia
A form of bipolar disorder in which the mood swings are less severe.
PREVIOUS AND NEXT TERMS--------------------------------------
Cyanotic
Showing cyanosis (bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes due to not enough oxygen in the blood).
Cycle, cell
The sequence of events within the cell between mitotic (cell) divisions.
Cyclic citrullinated peptide
A circular peptide containing the amino acid citrulline. Abbreviated CCP. Autoantibodies directed against CCP are found in people with rheumatoid arthritis.
Cyclic vomiting syndrome
A syndrome characterized by episodes, bouts, or cycles of severe nausea and vomiting that last for hours or even days and alternate with longer asymptomatic periods (with no symptoms). The cause of the syndrome is unknown. Each episode is similar to previous ones and tends to start at about the same time of day, last the same length of time, and present the same symptoms at the same level of intensity. Episodes of CVS can be so severe that a person may have to stay in bed for days, unable to go to school or work. Because other common diseases and disorders can also cause cycles of vomiting, people with the syndrome may initially be misdiagnosed.
Cyclin
One of a group of proteins that regulate the cell cycle. The cyclins bind to and activate cyclin-dependent kinases. The cyclins include cyclin A, cyclin B, cyclin C, cyclin D, cyclin E, cyclin F, cyclin G, cyclin H, cyclin K, and cyclin T.
Cyclin D
Cyclin E
A protein that is part of a molecular network that controls the cell cycle. There are a large number of cyclin proteins involved in this endeavor. Cyclin E specifically regulates the transition from the G1 phase to the S phase of the cell cycle. A high level of cyclin E accelerates the transition of the cell through the G1 phase.
Cyclopia
A congenital abnormality (birth defect) in which there is only one eye. That eye is centrally placed in the area normally occupied by the root of the nose. There is a missing nose or a nose in the form of a proboscis (a tubular appendage) located above the eye.
Cyclops
A common freshwater crustacean. Some species of Cyclops serve as hosts for parasites such as the guinea worm, the cause of dracunculiasis (guinea worm disease).
Cyclospora infection
Infection with Cyclospora cayetanensis, a single-celled parasite. The first known human cases of illness caused by Cyclospora were reported in 1979. More recently, outbreaks of cyclosporiasis have been reported in the US and Canada. Cyclospora is spread by people ingesting water or food that was contaminated with infected stool. Outbreaks of cyclosporiasis have been linked to various types of fresh produce. People of all ages are at risk for the infection. The time between becoming infected and becoming sick is usually about 1 week. Cyclospora infects the small intestine (bowel) and usually causes watery diarrhea, with frequent, sometimes explosive, bowel movements. Other symptoms can include loss of appetite, substantial loss of weight, bloating, increased gas, stomach cramps, nausea, vomiting, muscle aches, low-grade fever, and fatigue. If not treated, the illness may last from a few days to a month or longer. Symptoms may seem to go away and then return one or more times (relapse).
Cyclosporiasis
Infection with the parasite Cyclospora cayetanensis.
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This dictionary contains 19186 terms.
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