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| This glossary contains: 19186 medical terms |
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Crossover trial
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Crossover trialIn crossover trials, each subject receives both treatments being compared (often the test drug for one period and the placebo for another period). Such trials are used for patients who have a stable, usually chronic, condition during both treatment period.
RELATED TERMS--------------------------------------
Placebo
A placebo is an inactive pill, liquid, or powder that has no treatment value. In clinical trials, experimental treatments are often compared with placebos to assess the treatment's effectiveness. In some studies, the participants in the control group will receive a placebo instead of an active drug or treatment. No sick participant receives a placebo if there is a known beneficial treatment.
Chronic
Ongoing or recurring. Chronic medical conditions include diabetes, epilepsy, and chronic fatigue syndrome.
Condition
The term "condition" has a number of biomedical meanings including the following: 1.An unhealthy state, such as in "this is a progressive condition." 2.A state of fitness, such as "getting into condition." 3.Something that is essential to the occurrence of something else; essentially a "precondition." 4.As a verb: to cause a change in something so that a response that was previously associated with a certain stimulus becomes associated with another stimulus; to condition a person, as in behavioral conditioning.
SIMILAR TERMS--------------------------------------
Cross bite
Reverse biting relationship of upper and lower teeth; aka "under bite," as in Class III malocclusuion (prognathic jaw).
Cross training
Doing two or more aerobic activities such as jogging, bicycling, and swimming on a regular basis.
Cross-reactivity
The ability of an antibody, specific for one antigen, to react with a second antigen; a measure of relatedness between two different antigenic substances.
Cross-section
In anatomy, a cross-section is a transverse cut through a structure or tissue. The opposite of a cross-section is a longitudinal section. By analogy, a study may be cross-sectional or longitudinal.
Cross-sectional study
A study done at one time, not over the course of time. A cross-sectional study might be of a disease such as AIDS at one point in time to learn its prevalence and distribution within the population. Also known as a synchronic study.
Crossed embolism
Passage of a clot (thrombus) from a vein to an artery. When clots in veins break off (embolize) , they travel first to the right side of the heart and, normally, then to the lungs where they lodge. The lungs act as a filter to prevent the clots from entering the arterial circulation. However, when there is a hole in the wall between the two upper chambers of the heart (an atrial septal defect), a clot can crossparadoxically from the right to the left side of the heart, then pass into the arteries. Once in the arterial circulation, a clot can travel to the brain, block a vessel there, and cause a stroke (cerebrovascular accident). Because of the risk of stroke from crossed embolism, it is usually recommended that even small atrial septal defects be closed (repaired).
Crossing over
The exchange of genetic material between two paired chromosomes. Crossing over is a way to recombine the genetic material so that each person (except for identical twins) is genetically unique.
Crossover study
A type of clinical trial in which the study subjects receive each treatment in a random order. With this type of study, every patient serves as his or her own control.
Crossroads Regional Medical Center
The Crossroads Regional Medical Center is a hospital in Wentzville, Missouri, United States.
PREVIOUS AND NEXT TERMS--------------------------------------
Control group
The group of subjects in a controlled study that receives no treatment, a standard treatment, or a placebo instead of the therapy being investigated.
Controlled study
A study in which a test treatment is compared with a treatment that has known effects. The control group may receive no treatment, standard treatment, or placebo.
Coordinating centre
Headquarters for a multisite trial that collects all data.
Coordinating committee
A committee that a sponsor may organise to coordinate the conduct of a multicentre trial.
Correlation
The relationship of one variable to another, not to be confused with causation.
Crossover trial
Cerebrospinal
Relating to the brain and the spinal cord.
Chemoprophylaxis
Prevention of disease by the use of chemicals or drugs.
Cholinergic
Relating to nerve cells or fibers that employ acetylcholine as their neurotransmitter.
Coagulopathy
A disease affecting the coagulability of the blood.
Coccobacillus
A short, thick bacterial rod of the shape of an oval or slightly elongated coccus.
RELATED TERMS--------------------------------------
Placebo
A placebo is an inactive pill, liquid, or powder that has no treatment value. In clinical trials, experimental treatments are often compared with placebos to assess the treatment's effectiveness. In some studies, the participants in the control group will receive a placebo instead of an active drug or treatment. No sick participant receives a placebo if there is a known beneficial treatment.
Chronic
Ongoing or recurring. Chronic medical conditions include diabetes, epilepsy, and chronic fatigue syndrome.
Condition
The term "condition" has a number of biomedical meanings including the following: 1.An unhealthy state, such as in "this is a progressive condition." 2.A state of fitness, such as "getting into condition." 3.Something that is essential to the occurrence of something else; essentially a "precondition." 4.As a verb: to cause a change in something so that a response that was previously associated with a certain stimulus becomes associated with another stimulus; to condition a person, as in behavioral conditioning.
SIMILAR TERMS--------------------------------------
Cross bite
Reverse biting relationship of upper and lower teeth; aka "under bite," as in Class III malocclusuion (prognathic jaw).
Cross training
Doing two or more aerobic activities such as jogging, bicycling, and swimming on a regular basis.
Cross-reactivity
The ability of an antibody, specific for one antigen, to react with a second antigen; a measure of relatedness between two different antigenic substances.
Cross-section
In anatomy, a cross-section is a transverse cut through a structure or tissue. The opposite of a cross-section is a longitudinal section. By analogy, a study may be cross-sectional or longitudinal.
Cross-sectional study
A study done at one time, not over the course of time. A cross-sectional study might be of a disease such as AIDS at one point in time to learn its prevalence and distribution within the population. Also known as a synchronic study.
Crossed embolism
Passage of a clot (thrombus) from a vein to an artery. When clots in veins break off (embolize) , they travel first to the right side of the heart and, normally, then to the lungs where they lodge. The lungs act as a filter to prevent the clots from entering the arterial circulation. However, when there is a hole in the wall between the two upper chambers of the heart (an atrial septal defect), a clot can crossparadoxically from the right to the left side of the heart, then pass into the arteries. Once in the arterial circulation, a clot can travel to the brain, block a vessel there, and cause a stroke (cerebrovascular accident). Because of the risk of stroke from crossed embolism, it is usually recommended that even small atrial septal defects be closed (repaired).
Crossing over
The exchange of genetic material between two paired chromosomes. Crossing over is a way to recombine the genetic material so that each person (except for identical twins) is genetically unique.
Crossover study
A type of clinical trial in which the study subjects receive each treatment in a random order. With this type of study, every patient serves as his or her own control.
Crossroads Regional Medical Center
The Crossroads Regional Medical Center is a hospital in Wentzville, Missouri, United States.
PREVIOUS AND NEXT TERMS--------------------------------------
Control group
The group of subjects in a controlled study that receives no treatment, a standard treatment, or a placebo instead of the therapy being investigated.
Controlled study
A study in which a test treatment is compared with a treatment that has known effects. The control group may receive no treatment, standard treatment, or placebo.
Coordinating centre
Headquarters for a multisite trial that collects all data.
Coordinating committee
A committee that a sponsor may organise to coordinate the conduct of a multicentre trial.
Correlation
The relationship of one variable to another, not to be confused with causation.
Crossover trial
Cerebrospinal
Relating to the brain and the spinal cord.
Chemoprophylaxis
Prevention of disease by the use of chemicals or drugs.
Cholinergic
Relating to nerve cells or fibers that employ acetylcholine as their neurotransmitter.
Coagulopathy
A disease affecting the coagulability of the blood.
Coccobacillus
A short, thick bacterial rod of the shape of an oval or slightly elongated coccus.
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This dictionary contains 19186 terms.
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