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| This glossary contains: 19186 medical terms |
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Contraindication
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ContraindicationA condition that makes a treatment not helpful or even harmful.
RELATED TERMS--------------------------------------
Condition
The term "condition" has a number of biomedical meanings including the following: 1.An unhealthy state, such as in "this is a progressive condition." 2.A state of fitness, such as "getting into condition." 3.Something that is essential to the occurrence of something else; essentially a "precondition." 4.As a verb: to cause a change in something so that a response that was previously associated with a certain stimulus becomes associated with another stimulus; to condition a person, as in behavioral conditioning.
SIMILAR TERMS--------------------------------------
Contac
Contac is a prescription or over-the-counter drug which is (or once was) approved in the United States and possibly in other countries. Active ingredient(s): chlorpheniramine maleate; phenylpropanolamine hydrochloride.
Contac 12 hour
Contac 12 hour is a prescription or over-the-counter drug which is (or once was) approved in the United States and possibly in other countries. Active ingredient(s): chlorpheniramine maleate; phenylpropanolamine hydrochloride.
Contact dermatitis
A rash or an inflammation of the skin caused by contact with various substances.
Contact dermatitis, allergic
Also called allergic contact eczema, this is a red, itchy, weepy reaction where the skin has come into contact with a substance that the immune system recognizes as foreign, such as poison ivy or certain preservatives in creams and lotions.
Contact eczema
A localized reaction that includes redness, itching, and burning where the skin has come into contact with an allergen (an allergy-causing substance) or with an irritant such as an acid, a cleaning agent or another chemical.
Contact eczema, allergic
Also called allergic contact dermatitis, this is a red, itchy, weepy reaction where the skin has come into contact with a substance that the immune system recognizes as foreign, such as poison ivy or certain preservatives in creams and lotions.
Contact healing
Another name for the alternative medicine practice of laying on of hands.
Contagious
Easily transmitted by direct or indirect contact.
Content validity
The extent to which a variable (for example, a rating scale) measures what it is supposed to measure (for example, self-care ability).
Contig
Contiguous sequence of DNA created by assembling overlapping sequenced fragments of a chromosome. A group of clones representing overlapping regions of the genome.
Contig map
A map depicting the relative order of a linked library of small overlapping clones representing a complete chromosome segment.
Contiguous gene syndrome
A disorder due to deletion of multiple gene loci that are adjacent to one another. Contiguous gene syndromes are characterized by multiple, apparently unrelated, clinical features caused by deletion of the multiple adjacent genes. Each of the individual genes within a contiguous region, when mutated, gives rise to a distinct feature.
Continence
The ability to hold in a bowel movement or urine.
Continent ileostomy
An operation to create a pouch from part of the small intestine. Stool that collects in the pouch is removed by inserting a small tube through an opening made in the abdomen.
Contingency reinforcement
In operant or instrumental conditioning, ensuring that desired behavior is followed by positive consequences and that undesired behavior is not rewarded.
Continuous passive motion machine
A machine used to help rehabilitate a limb (an arm or leg).
Contra Costa Regional Medical Center
The Contra Costa Regional Medical Center is a hospital in Contra Costa, California, United States.
Contraception
The intentional prevention of conception or impregnation. Also called birth control.
Contraceptive device, intrauterine (IUD)
A device inserted into the uterus (womb) to prevent conception (pregnancy). The IUD can be a coil, loop, triangle, or T in shape made of plastic or metal.
Contraceptive sponge, vaginal
A contraceptive device that is donut-shaped, made of plastic, contains a spermicide (nonoxynol-9) and is inserted into the vagina to cover the cervix. A loop is provided to ease removal.
Contraceptive, combined oral
"Commonly called ""the pill,"" combined oral contraceptives are the most commonly used form of reversible birth control in the United States. This form of birth control suppresses ovulation (the monthly release of an egg from the ovaries) by the combined actions of the hormones estrogen and progestin."
Contraceptive, diaphragm
A barrier method of contraception that is available by prescription only and must be sized by a health professional to achieve a proper fit.
Contraceptive, minipill
"A form of oral contraceptive taken daily, like combined oral contraceptives (the ""pill""), but containing only the hormone progestin and no estrogen. "
Contraceptive, pill
"Commonly called ""the pill,"" combined oral contraceptives are the most commonly used form of reversible birth control. This form of birth control suppresses ovulation (the monthly release of an egg from the ovaries) by the combined actions of the hormones estrogen and progestin."
Contract
A written, dated, and signed agreement between two or more involved parties that sets out any arrangements on delegation and distribution of tasks and obligations and, if appropriate, on financial matters. The protocol may serve as the basis of a contract.
Contraction
During labor, the strong, rhythmic tightening of the uterus. Pre-laborcontractions are usually irregular and don't increase in intensity orduration.
Contraction, uterine
"The tightening and shortening of the uterine muscles. During labor, contractions accomplish two things: (1) they cause the cervix to thin and dilate (open); and (2) they aid the baby to descend into the birth canal."
Contractions, Braxton Hicks
Irregular contractions of the womb (the uterus) occurring towards the middle of pregnancy in the first pregnancy and, earlier and more intensely, in subsequent pregnancies.
Contracture
Deformity caused by abnormal shortening of the muscles.
Contraindicate
To make a treatment or procedure inadvisable because of a particular condition or circumstance. For examples, certain medications are contraindicated during pregnancy because of the danger they pose to the fetus and the use of aspirin is clearly contraindicated in small children because of the danger of Reye syndrome.
Contralateral
Affecting or pertaining to the opposite side.
Contrast
"Short for ""contrast media."" Contrast media are X-ray dyes used to provide contrast, for example, between blood vessels and other tissue."
Contrast media
"X-ray dye. Commonly spoken of as ""contrast."""
Contrast medium
A substance used in x-ray studies to aid in showing internal structures.
Contrast nephropathy
A form of acute renal failure that starts soon after administration of contrast media (dye) for X-rays. The disorder usually runs a benign course and only rarely requires recourse to dialysis.
Contrast sensitivity function
The reciprocal of the threshold contrast required to obtain a criterion response from a cell or a human subject as a function of spatial frequency. Falls off in sensitivity as the spatial frequency of the test pattern increases.
Contrast sensitivity, visual
The ability to perceive differences between an object and its background.
Control (genetic)
The control of gene expression. Genetic control may be on the transcriptional or translational level. Transcriptional control works by controlling the number of RNA transcripts of a region of DNA, indirectly controlling protein synthesis. Translational control of protein synthesis works by regulating the step of translating RNA into protein.
Control (research)
In research, control subjects or control procedures permit comparison with experimental results.
Control group
The group of subjects in a controlled study that receives no treatment, a standard treatment, or a placebo instead of the therapy being investigated.
Controllable disease
disease or illness that can't be cured but can be managed with diet, exercise, or medications.
Controlled Disease
Taking care of oneself so that a disease has less of an effect on the body. People with diabetes can "control" the disease by staying on their diets, by exercising, by taking medicine if it is needed, and by monitoring their blood glucose. This care will help keep the glucose (sugar) level in the blood from becoming either too high or too low.
Controlled study
A study in which a test treatment is compared with a treatment that has known effects. The control group may receive no treatment, standard treatment, or placebo.
Contusion
A bruise; an injury of soft tissues without breaking the overlying skin.
PREVIOUS AND NEXT TERMS--------------------------------------
Coma
A sleep-like state; not conscious. May be due to a high or low level of glucose (sugar) in the blood.
Comatose
In a coma; not conscious.
Complications of Diabetes
Harmful effects that may happen when a person has diabetes. Some effects, such as hypoglycemia, can happen any time. Others develop when a person has had diabetes for a long time. These include damage to the retina of the eye (retinopathy), the blood vessels (angiopathy), the nervous system (neuropathy), and the kidneys (nephropathy). Studies show that keeping blood glucose levels as close to the normal, nondiabetic range as possible may help prevent, slow, or delay harmful effects to the eyes, kidneys, and nerves.
Congenital Defects
Problems or conditions that are present at birth.
Congestive Heart Failure
Heart failure caused by loss of pumping power by the heart, resulting in fluids collecting in the body. Congestive heart failure often develops gradually over several years, although it also can happen suddenly. It can be treated by drugs and in some cases, by surgery.
Contraindication
Controlled Disease
Taking care of oneself so that a disease has less of an effect on the body. People with diabetes can "control" the disease by staying on their diets, by exercising, by taking medicine if it is needed, and by monitoring their blood glucose. This care will help keep the glucose (sugar) level in the blood from becoming either too high or too low.
Conventional Therapy
A system of diabetes management practiced by most people with diabetes; the system consists of one or two insulin injections each day, daily self-monitoring of blood glucose, and a standard program of nutrition and exercise. The main objective in this form of treatment is to avoid very high and very low blood glucose (sugar). Also called: "Standard Therapy." |The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial has shown that intensive therapy, rather than conventional therapy, can reduce the risk of complications.
Coronary Disease
Damage to the heart. Not enough blood flows through the vessels because they are blocked with fat or have become thick and hard; this harms the muscles of the heart. People with diabetes are at a higher risk of coronary disease.
Coxsackie B4 Virus
An agent that has been shown to damage the beta cells of the pancreas in lab tests. This virus may be one cause of insulin-dependent diabetes.
Cyclamate
A man-made chemical that people used instead of sugar. The Food and Drug Administration banned the sale of cyclamates in 1973 because lab tests showed that large amounts of cyclamates can cause bladder cancer in rats.
RELATED TERMS--------------------------------------
Condition
The term "condition" has a number of biomedical meanings including the following: 1.An unhealthy state, such as in "this is a progressive condition." 2.A state of fitness, such as "getting into condition." 3.Something that is essential to the occurrence of something else; essentially a "precondition." 4.As a verb: to cause a change in something so that a response that was previously associated with a certain stimulus becomes associated with another stimulus; to condition a person, as in behavioral conditioning.
SIMILAR TERMS--------------------------------------
Contac
Contac is a prescription or over-the-counter drug which is (or once was) approved in the United States and possibly in other countries. Active ingredient(s): chlorpheniramine maleate; phenylpropanolamine hydrochloride.
Contac 12 hour
Contac 12 hour is a prescription or over-the-counter drug which is (or once was) approved in the United States and possibly in other countries. Active ingredient(s): chlorpheniramine maleate; phenylpropanolamine hydrochloride.
Contact dermatitis
A rash or an inflammation of the skin caused by contact with various substances.
Contact dermatitis, allergic
Also called allergic contact eczema, this is a red, itchy, weepy reaction where the skin has come into contact with a substance that the immune system recognizes as foreign, such as poison ivy or certain preservatives in creams and lotions.
Contact eczema
A localized reaction that includes redness, itching, and burning where the skin has come into contact with an allergen (an allergy-causing substance) or with an irritant such as an acid, a cleaning agent or another chemical.
Contact eczema, allergic
Also called allergic contact dermatitis, this is a red, itchy, weepy reaction where the skin has come into contact with a substance that the immune system recognizes as foreign, such as poison ivy or certain preservatives in creams and lotions.
Contact healing
Another name for the alternative medicine practice of laying on of hands.
Contagious
Easily transmitted by direct or indirect contact.
Content validity
The extent to which a variable (for example, a rating scale) measures what it is supposed to measure (for example, self-care ability).
Contig
Contiguous sequence of DNA created by assembling overlapping sequenced fragments of a chromosome. A group of clones representing overlapping regions of the genome.
Contig map
A map depicting the relative order of a linked library of small overlapping clones representing a complete chromosome segment.
Contiguous gene syndrome
A disorder due to deletion of multiple gene loci that are adjacent to one another. Contiguous gene syndromes are characterized by multiple, apparently unrelated, clinical features caused by deletion of the multiple adjacent genes. Each of the individual genes within a contiguous region, when mutated, gives rise to a distinct feature.
Continence
The ability to hold in a bowel movement or urine.
Continent ileostomy
An operation to create a pouch from part of the small intestine. Stool that collects in the pouch is removed by inserting a small tube through an opening made in the abdomen.
Contingency reinforcement
In operant or instrumental conditioning, ensuring that desired behavior is followed by positive consequences and that undesired behavior is not rewarded.
Continuous passive motion machine
A machine used to help rehabilitate a limb (an arm or leg).
Contra Costa Regional Medical Center
The Contra Costa Regional Medical Center is a hospital in Contra Costa, California, United States.
Contraception
The intentional prevention of conception or impregnation. Also called birth control.
Contraceptive device, intrauterine (IUD)
A device inserted into the uterus (womb) to prevent conception (pregnancy). The IUD can be a coil, loop, triangle, or T in shape made of plastic or metal.
Contraceptive sponge, vaginal
A contraceptive device that is donut-shaped, made of plastic, contains a spermicide (nonoxynol-9) and is inserted into the vagina to cover the cervix. A loop is provided to ease removal.
Contraceptive, combined oral
"Commonly called ""the pill,"" combined oral contraceptives are the most commonly used form of reversible birth control in the United States. This form of birth control suppresses ovulation (the monthly release of an egg from the ovaries) by the combined actions of the hormones estrogen and progestin."
Contraceptive, diaphragm
A barrier method of contraception that is available by prescription only and must be sized by a health professional to achieve a proper fit.
Contraceptive, minipill
"A form of oral contraceptive taken daily, like combined oral contraceptives (the ""pill""), but containing only the hormone progestin and no estrogen. "
Contraceptive, pill
"Commonly called ""the pill,"" combined oral contraceptives are the most commonly used form of reversible birth control. This form of birth control suppresses ovulation (the monthly release of an egg from the ovaries) by the combined actions of the hormones estrogen and progestin."
Contract
A written, dated, and signed agreement between two or more involved parties that sets out any arrangements on delegation and distribution of tasks and obligations and, if appropriate, on financial matters. The protocol may serve as the basis of a contract.
Contraction
During labor, the strong, rhythmic tightening of the uterus. Pre-laborcontractions are usually irregular and don't increase in intensity orduration.
Contraction, uterine
"The tightening and shortening of the uterine muscles. During labor, contractions accomplish two things: (1) they cause the cervix to thin and dilate (open); and (2) they aid the baby to descend into the birth canal."
Contractions, Braxton Hicks
Irregular contractions of the womb (the uterus) occurring towards the middle of pregnancy in the first pregnancy and, earlier and more intensely, in subsequent pregnancies.
Contracture
Deformity caused by abnormal shortening of the muscles.
Contraindicate
To make a treatment or procedure inadvisable because of a particular condition or circumstance. For examples, certain medications are contraindicated during pregnancy because of the danger they pose to the fetus and the use of aspirin is clearly contraindicated in small children because of the danger of Reye syndrome.
Contralateral
Affecting or pertaining to the opposite side.
Contrast
"Short for ""contrast media."" Contrast media are X-ray dyes used to provide contrast, for example, between blood vessels and other tissue."
Contrast media
"X-ray dye. Commonly spoken of as ""contrast."""
Contrast medium
A substance used in x-ray studies to aid in showing internal structures.
Contrast nephropathy
A form of acute renal failure that starts soon after administration of contrast media (dye) for X-rays. The disorder usually runs a benign course and only rarely requires recourse to dialysis.
Contrast sensitivity function
The reciprocal of the threshold contrast required to obtain a criterion response from a cell or a human subject as a function of spatial frequency. Falls off in sensitivity as the spatial frequency of the test pattern increases.
Contrast sensitivity, visual
The ability to perceive differences between an object and its background.
Control (genetic)
The control of gene expression. Genetic control may be on the transcriptional or translational level. Transcriptional control works by controlling the number of RNA transcripts of a region of DNA, indirectly controlling protein synthesis. Translational control of protein synthesis works by regulating the step of translating RNA into protein.
Control (research)
In research, control subjects or control procedures permit comparison with experimental results.
Control group
The group of subjects in a controlled study that receives no treatment, a standard treatment, or a placebo instead of the therapy being investigated.
Controllable disease
disease or illness that can't be cured but can be managed with diet, exercise, or medications.
Controlled Disease
Taking care of oneself so that a disease has less of an effect on the body. People with diabetes can "control" the disease by staying on their diets, by exercising, by taking medicine if it is needed, and by monitoring their blood glucose. This care will help keep the glucose (sugar) level in the blood from becoming either too high or too low.
Controlled study
A study in which a test treatment is compared with a treatment that has known effects. The control group may receive no treatment, standard treatment, or placebo.
Contusion
A bruise; an injury of soft tissues without breaking the overlying skin.
PREVIOUS AND NEXT TERMS--------------------------------------
Coma
A sleep-like state; not conscious. May be due to a high or low level of glucose (sugar) in the blood.
Comatose
In a coma; not conscious.
Complications of Diabetes
Harmful effects that may happen when a person has diabetes. Some effects, such as hypoglycemia, can happen any time. Others develop when a person has had diabetes for a long time. These include damage to the retina of the eye (retinopathy), the blood vessels (angiopathy), the nervous system (neuropathy), and the kidneys (nephropathy). Studies show that keeping blood glucose levels as close to the normal, nondiabetic range as possible may help prevent, slow, or delay harmful effects to the eyes, kidneys, and nerves.
Congenital Defects
Problems or conditions that are present at birth.
Congestive Heart Failure
Heart failure caused by loss of pumping power by the heart, resulting in fluids collecting in the body. Congestive heart failure often develops gradually over several years, although it also can happen suddenly. It can be treated by drugs and in some cases, by surgery.
Contraindication
Controlled Disease
Taking care of oneself so that a disease has less of an effect on the body. People with diabetes can "control" the disease by staying on their diets, by exercising, by taking medicine if it is needed, and by monitoring their blood glucose. This care will help keep the glucose (sugar) level in the blood from becoming either too high or too low.
Conventional Therapy
A system of diabetes management practiced by most people with diabetes; the system consists of one or two insulin injections each day, daily self-monitoring of blood glucose, and a standard program of nutrition and exercise. The main objective in this form of treatment is to avoid very high and very low blood glucose (sugar). Also called: "Standard Therapy." |The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial has shown that intensive therapy, rather than conventional therapy, can reduce the risk of complications.
Coronary Disease
Damage to the heart. Not enough blood flows through the vessels because they are blocked with fat or have become thick and hard; this harms the muscles of the heart. People with diabetes are at a higher risk of coronary disease.
Coxsackie B4 Virus
An agent that has been shown to damage the beta cells of the pancreas in lab tests. This virus may be one cause of insulin-dependent diabetes.
Cyclamate
A man-made chemical that people used instead of sugar. The Food and Drug Administration banned the sale of cyclamates in 1973 because lab tests showed that large amounts of cyclamates can cause bladder cancer in rats.
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This dictionary contains 19186 terms.
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