Medical Glossary

This glossary contains:
19186
medical terms

Class I MHC molecules



Class I MHC molecules

Proteins encoded by genes in the major histocompatibility complex (q.v.). Class I molecules are designated HLA-A, B, or C.

RELATED TERMS
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Genes
Basic, functional units of heredity, each occupying a specific place on a chromosome.

Histocompatibility
Literally, the ability of tissues to get along; in immunology, it means identity in all transplantation antigens. These antigens, in turn, are collectively referred to as histocompatibility antigens.



SIMILAR TERMS
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Clasp
Device that retains a removable partial denture to stationary teeth.

Clasped thumbs and mental retardation
A syndrome with the following characteristic features: (1) neurologically: mental retardation and aphasia (lack of speech); (2) limbs: adducted (clasped) thumbs, absent extensor pollicis longus and/or brevis muscles to the thumb, shuffling gait, and leg spasticity; (3) growth: small body size; (4) skeleton: lumbar lordosis (sway back). The syndrome is inherited as an X-linked trait and so affects mainly boys. Alternative names include MASA syndrome (MASA stands for mental retardation, aphasia, shuffling gait, and adducted thumbs), adducted thumb with mental retardation, congenital clasped thumb with mental retardation, and the Gareis-Mason syndrome.

Class II MHC molecules
Proteins encoded by genes in the major histocompatibility complex (q.v.). Class II molecules are designated DP, DQ or DR.

Class switch
See isotype switch.

Classical conditioning
Elicitation of a response by a stimulus that normally does not elicit that response. The response is one that is mediated primarily by the autonomic nervous system (such as salivation or a change in heart rate). A previously neutral stimulus is repeatedly presented just before an unconditioned stimulus that normally elicits that response. When the response subsequently occurs in the presence of the previously neutral stimulus, it is called a conditioned response, and the previously neutral stimulus, a conditioned stimulus.

Classical pathway
The mechanism of complement activation initiated by antigen-antibody aggregates and proceeding by way of C1, C4 and C2.



PREVIOUS AND NEXT TERMS
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Cellulite
An inflammation of the connective tissue underlying the skin that can be caused by a bacterial infection. Cellulitis can be caused by normal skin flora or by exogenous bacteria, and often occurs where the skin has previously been broken: cracks in the skin, cuts, burns, insect bites, surgical wounds, or sites of intravenous catheter insertion.

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)
Antigen present during embryonic development which normally disappears but reappears in malignant tissue.

Carrier
A large immunogenic molecule or particle to which an antigenic determinant is attached, allowing the determinant to become immunogenic.

Cell-mediated cytotoxicity (CMC)
Killing (lysis) of a target cell by an effector lymphocyte.

Cell-mediated immunity (CMI)
Immune reaction mediated by T cells; in contrast to humoral immunity, which is antibody mediated. Also referred to as delayed-type hypersensitivity.

Class I MHC molecules

Class II MHC molecules
Proteins encoded by genes in the major histocompatibility complex (q.v.). Class II molecules are designated DP, DQ or DR.

Class switch
See isotype switch.

Classical pathway
The mechanism of complement activation initiated by antigen-antibody aggregates and proceeding by way of C1, C4 and C2.

Clonal deletion
The loss of lymphocytes of a particular specificity due to contact with either "self" or artificially introduced antigen.

Clonal selection theory
The prevalent concept that specificity and diversity of an immune response are the result of selection by antigen of specifically reactive clones from a large repertoire of preformed lymphocytes, each with individual specificities.

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This dictionary contains 19186 terms.


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