|
 |
||
 |
| This glossary contains: 19186 medical terms |
 |
Chronophilia
|
|
Chronophilia One of a group of paraphilias of the stigmatic/eligibilic type in which the paraphile's sexuoerotic age is discordant with his/her actual chronological age and is concordant with the age of the partner, as in, respectively, infantilism or nepiophilia; juvenilism or pedophilia; adolescentilism or ephebophilia (Lolita syndrome); and gerontalism or gerontophilia.
RELATED TERMS--------------------------------------
Sexuoerotic
The sexual and the erotic experienced as a unity, with more emphasis on sexual behavior than erotic imagery.
Discordant
1. Showing discordance, lack of agreement. A couple may be discordant for a sexually transmitted infection, with one partner having it and the other not. 2. In transplantation genetics, between different species. A discordant xenograft is a transplant between members of very different species
Concordant
1. Showing concordance, complete agreement. A couple may be concordant for a sexually transmitted infection, with both partners having it. 2. In transplantation genetics, between closely related species. A concordant xenograft is a transplant between members of closely related species.
Infantilism
The paraphilia of impersonating an infant and being treated as one by the partner; one of the stigmatic/eligibilic paraphilias. Synonym, autonepiophilia.
Nepiophilia
A paraphilia of the stigmatic/eligibilic type like pedophilia except that the age range is restricted to infancy. The reciprocal paraphilic condition is autonepiophilia, or paraphilic infantilism, impersonating a baby. The parallel paraphilias are ephebophilia, and gerontophilia, as well as pedophilia.
Juvenilism
The paraphilia of impersonating a juvenile and being treated as one by the partner - one of the stigmatic/eligibilic paraphilias
Pedophilia
A paraphilia of the stigmatic/eligibilic type in which sexuoerotic arousal and the facilitation or attainment of orgasm in a postpubertal adolescent or adult male or female are responsive to and [dependent upon] contingent on having a juvenile partner of prepubertal or peripubertal, developmental status. Pedophile relationships may be heterosexual or homosexual or, more rarely, bisexual. They may take place in imagery or actuality, or both. The technical term for the reciprocal paraphilic condition in which an older person impersonates a juvenile is paraphilic juvenilism. The age and developmental status of the partner distinguishes pedophilia from nepiophilia and ephebophilia. (adjective, pedophilic): the condition in which an adult is responsive to or dependent on the imagery or actuality of erotic/sexual activity with a peripubertal or early pubertal boy or girl, in order to obtain erotic arousal and facilitate or achieve orgasm. A pedophiliac may be a male or a female. Pedophilic activity may be replayed in fantasy during masturbation or copulation with an older partner.
Ephebophilia
A paraphilia of the eligibilic/stigmatic type distinct from nepiophilia and pedophilia in that the age of the partner is postpubertal and adolescent. The technical term for the reciprocal paraphilic condition in which an older person impersonates an adolescent is paraphilic adolescentilism. Synonym, hebephilia, the condtition in which an adult is responsive to and dependent on the actuality or imagery of erotic/sexual activity with an adolescent boy or girl in order to obtain erotic arousal and facilitate or achieve orgasm. An ephebophiliac may be of either sex. Ephebophilic activity may be replayed in fantasy during masturbation or copulation with an older partner.
Gerontalism
Impersonating an older person and being treated as one by a partner--one of the stigmatic/eligibilic paraphilias.
Gerontophilia
A paraphilia of the stigmatic/eligibilic type in which the partner must be parental or grandparental in age. The technical term for the reciprocal paraphilic condition in which a younger person must impersonate a parent or grandparent is paraphilic. 2. The condition in which a young adult is responsive to and dependent on erotic/sexual activity with a much older partner in order to obtain erotic arousal and facilitate or achieve orgasm.
SIMILAR TERMS--------------------------------------
Chromalbin
Chromalbin is a prescription or over-the-counter drug which is (or once was) approved in the United States and possibly in other countries. Active ingredient(s): albumin chromated cr-51 serum.
Chromatic adaptation technique
Used to identify receptor inputs. An adapting light is chosen such that it affects the response to one of the inputs to a cell far more than the other. The cells response is selectively desensitized so that the cell is largely driven by the other input. This way the response properties of the cell can now be studied in relative isolation.
Chromatids
The daughter strands of a duplicated chromosome joined together by a centromere.
Chromatin
The nucleoprotein material of chromosomes. Chromatin is essentially the substance of chromosomes. It is made up of DNA attached to a protein structure, together with chromosomal RNA. Chromatin exists in two states, euchromatin and heterochromatin, with different staining and functional properties.
Chromatin remodeling
Dynamic structural changes to the chromatin occurring throughout the cell division cycle. These changes range from the local changes necessary for transcriptional regulation to global changes necessary for chromosome segregation. Chromatin remodeling is an epigenetic phenomenon.
Chromatography, gas (GC)
A type of automated chromatography (a technique used to separate mixtures of substances) in which the mixture to be analyzed is vaporized and carried by an inert gas through a special column and thence to a detection device. The special column can contain an inert porous solid (in gas-solid chromatography) or a liquid coated on a solid support (in gas-liquid chromatography). The basic aim with GC is to separate each component that was in the mixture so that it produces a different peak in the detection device output which is graphed on a chart recorder. GC is a valuable tool in biochemistry (and other fields of chemistry, as in the analysis of perfumes).
Chromatophobia
An abnormal and persistent fear of money. Sufferers experience undue anxiety even though they realize their fear is irrational. They worry that they might mismanage money or that money might live up to its reputation as "the root of all evil."
Chromesthesia
A type of synesthesia in which which a nonvisual stimulus causes the individual to perceive color. Color hearing is a form of chromesthesia. In color hearing a musical tone elicits a color. One well-studied case involved an art teacher who had a range of consistent linkages between tone and color. For her, high octaves tended to evoke a lighter color value, while lower octaves evoked a darker color value. And rapid major chord tone sequences elicited rapid flashes of colors, "somewhat like fireworks exploding."
Chromic chloride
Chromic chloride is a prescription or over-the-counter drug which is (or once was) approved in the United States and possibly in other countries. Active ingredient(s): chromic chloride.
Chromic chloride in plastic container
Chromic chloride in plastic container is a prescription or over-the-counter drug which is (or once was) approved in the United States and possibly in other countries. Active ingredient(s): chromic chloride.
Chromitope sodium
Chromitope sodium is a prescription or over-the-counter drug which is (or once was) approved in the United States and possibly in other countries. Active ingredient(s): sodium chromate, cr-51.
Chromosomal abnormalities
A problem with the chromosomes - either inherited or caused by a mutation - that leads to disorders such as Down syndrome. An estimated half of all first-trimester miscarriages are due to chromosomal abnormalities too severe for the fetus to live.
Chromosomal mosaicism
A chromosomal pattern in which some cells of the body have the standard number of chromosomes (46,XX or 46,XY), and others have more or less, as in 45,X/46,XY (a mosaic variety of Turner's syndrome); or 46,XY/47,XXY (a mosaic variety of Klinefelter's syndrome), and many others.
Chromosome
A structural unit within a eukaryotic nucleus that carries genes. A chromosome consists of a long, continuous strand of DNA and associated proteins.
Chromosome 1
The largest human chromosome, comprising approximately 10% of the human genome. Chromosome 1 contains over 240 million base pairs and over 3000 genes including the UROD gene for porphyria cutanea tarda, the GBA gene for Gaucher disease, the GLC1A gene for glaucoma, the HPC1 gene for prostate cancer, and the PS2 gene for Alzheimer disease.
Chromosome 11 childhood leukemia
A new type of childhood leukemia in which a piece of chromosome 11 has been translocated (broken off and attached itself to another chromosome). Children with this type of leukemia have a particularly poor prognosis (outlook). They do not respond at all well to the standard therapies for ALL (acute lymphoblastic or lymphocytic leukemia) and often suffer from early relapse after chemotherapy. Children with chromosome 11 translocation leukemia have gene expression profiles that are different from the profiles of other acute leukemias such as ALL and acute myeloid leukemia.
Chromosome 1Q Duplication Syndrome
Chromosome 1Q Duplication Syndrome refers to the duplication of the long arm of chromosome 1 associated with a variable phenotype, including psychomotor retardation, craniofacial malformations, and various limb, heart, and urogenital anomalies.
Chromosome 2
The second largest chromosome in the human genome. Chromosome 2 contains over 240 million base pairs and more than 2500 genes, including the ETM2 gene for essential tremor, the MSH2 and MSH6 genes for colon cancer, and the PAX3 gene for Waardenburg syndrome.
Chromosome 3
One of the largest human chromosomes, comprising approximately 6.5% of the human genome. Chromosome 3 has between 1,100 and 1,500 genes of the estimated 30,000 to 40,000 genes in the human genome. Among the genes on chromosome 3 are the HGD gene for alkaptonuria, the BTD gene for biotinidase deficiency, the CPOX gene for hereditary coproporphyria, the MLH1 gene for hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC), the ZNF9 gene for type 2 myotonic dystrophy, the TMIE gene for an autosomal recessive form of nonsyndromic deafness, and the BCCB gene for propionic acidemia.
Chromosome 4p- syndrome
The 4p- syndrome or Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome, is a chromosome disorder due to partial deletion of the short (p) arm of chromosome 4. It is, therefore, also called the 4p- syndrome. Features of the syndrome include midline defects with a scalp defect, widespaced eyes, broad or beaked nose, oral facial clefts (cleft lip/palate); low simple ears with a dimple in front of the ear; small &/or asymmetrical head; heart defects; and seizures (that tends to diminish with age). There is severe to profound developmental and mental retardation. Some patients do learn to walk with or without support and some achieve sphincter control (by day). There is usually very slow progress in development.
Chromosome 5q- syndrome
A blood disorder due to the loss of part of the long (q) arm of chromosome 5 in myeloid (bone marrow) cells, causing refractory (treatment-resistant) anemia, and myelodysplastic syndrome that is generally associated with a good prognosis but on occasion may lead to AML (acute myeloid leukemia).
Chromosome band
One of the transverse bands produced on chromosomes by differential staining techniques. Depending on the particular staining technique, the bands are alternating light and dark or fluorescent and nonfluorescent.
Chromosome banding
The treatment of chromosomes to reveal characteristic patterns of horizontal bands like bar codes. The banding patterns lend each chromosome a distinctive appearance so the 22 pairs of human nonsex chromosomes and the X and Y chromosomes can be identified and distinguished without ambiguity. Banding also permits the recognition of chromosome deletions (lost segments), chromosome duplications (surplus segments) and other types of structural rearrangements of chromosomes.
Chromosome complement
The whole set of chromosomes for the species. In humans, the chromosome complement (which is also called the karyotype) consists of 46 chromosomes.
Chromosome disorder
An abnormal condition due to an abnormality of the chromosomes. For example, Down syndrome (the genetic abnormality featuring three chromosome 21s, instead of two, also referred to as trisomy 21) is a chromosome disorder.
Chromosome duplication
Part of a chromosome in duplicate. A particular kind of mutation involving the production of one or more copies of any piece of DNA, including sometimes a gene or even an entire chromosome. A duplication is the opposite of a deletion.
Chromosome inversion
A chromosome segment is clipped out, turned upside down and reinserted back into the chromosome. A chromosome inversion can be inherited and have come from one of the parents to a child. Or the inversion can appear for the first time in a child.
Chromosome inversion, paracentric
A basic type of chromosome rearrangement. A segment that does not include the centromere (and so is paracentric) has been snipped out of a chromosome, turned through 180 degrees (inverted), and inserted right back into its original location in chromosome. The feature that makes it paracentric is that both breaks are on the same side of the centromere so that the centromere (the point at which the chromosome attaches to the spindle) is not affected. Any chromosome inversion can be inherited and have come from one of the parents to a child. Or the inversion can appear for the first time in a child. An inversion can be "balanced", meaning that it has all the genes present in the normal uninverted chromosome. Or an inversion can be "unbalanced", meaning that genes been have deleted (lost) or duplicated. A balanced inversion in a child causes no problems. An unbalanced inversion is abnormal and is often associated with problems such as development delay (and later, mental retardation) and multiple congenital anomalies (birth defects). Inversions can also be acquired in a body cell (a somatic cell) and be a step involving that cell in a precancerous and cancerous process.
Chromosome inversion, pericentric
A basic type of chromosome rearrangement in which a segment that includes the centromere (and so is pericentric) has been snipped out of a chromosome, turned through 180 degrees (inverted), and inserted back into its original location in chromosome. The feature that makes it pericentric is that both breaks are on either side of the centromere (the point at which the chromosome attaches to the spindle). Any chromosome inversion can be inherited and have come from one of the parents to a child. Or the inversion can appear for the first time in a child. An inversion can be "balanced", meaning that it has all the genes present in the normal uninverted chromosome. Or an inversion can be "unbalanced", meaning that genes been have deleted (lost) or duplicated. A balanced inversion in a child causes no problems. An unbalanced inversion is abnormal and is often associated with problems such as development delay (and later, mental retardation) and multiple congenital anomalies (birth defects). Inversions can also be acquired in a body cell (a somatic cell) and be a step involving that cell in a precancerous and cancerous process.
Chromosome, acentric
A fragment of a chromosome (one of the microscopically visible carriers of the genetic material DNA) that is lacking a centromere (the "waist" of the chromosome essential for the division and the retention of the chromosome in the cell) and so is lost when the cell divides.
Chromosome, acrocentric
A chromosome (one of the microscopically visible carriers of the genetic material DNA) with its centromere (the "waist" of the chromosome) located quite near one end of the chromosome. The "acro-" in acrocentric comes from the Greek "akron" meaning "the end." Humans have 5 pairs of acrocentric chromosomes. Down syndrome (trisomy 21) is due to an extra acrocentric chromosome, namely chromosome 21.
Chromosome, dicentric
An abnormal chromosome (a microscopically visible carrier of the genetic material DNA) with two centromeres rather than the normal one. The centromere is essential for the division of the chromosome. A dicentric chromosome is twice tethered and so is pulled in opposite directions when the cell divides and this causes the chromosome to form a bridge and then break. Dicentric chromosomes are a cause of chromosome instability.
Chromosome, marker
An abnormal chromosome that is distinctive in appearance but not fully identified. A marker chromosome is not a "marker" of a specific disease. It is a marker chromosome merely in the sense that it can be distinguished under the microscope from all of the normal human chromosomes. For example, the fragile X chromosome was once called the marker X.
Chromosome, metaphase
A chromosome in the stage of the cell cycle (the sequence of events in the life of a cell) when a chromosome is most condensed and easiest to distinguish and so to study. Metaphase chromosomes are often chosen for karyotyping and for chromosome analysis because they are readily seen.. However, chromosomes in metaphase can be so condensed and scrunched up that it is difficult to make out much in the way of detail. More distended chromosomes (in prometaphase or prophase) are therefore sometimes selected for study when fine details are important.
Chromosome, X
The sex chromosome found twice in normal females and once, along with a Y chromosome, in normal males. The complete chromosome complement consisting of 46 chromosomes including the two sex chromosomes is conventionally written as 46,XX for females and 46,XY for males. The X chromosome carries hundreds of genes. Few, if any, of them have anything to do with sex. It is thought that the X and Y chromosomes evolved from an ancient pair of autosomal (nonsex) chromosomes and that the X chromosome retains much of its old autosomal information.
Chromosomes
Filaments of genetic material in every cell nucleus that are made up of genes and that transmit genetic information from one generation of cells to the next.
Chromosomes in multiple miscarriages
Couples who have had more than one miscarriage (spontaneous abortion) have about a 5% chance that one member of the couple is carrying a chromosome translocation responsible for the miscarriages.
Chromostereopsis
The optics of the eye are such that short wavelengths are refracted slightly more than long wavelengths creating a positional disparity on the retina. When viewed by two eyes a stereoscopic disparity is obtained. This is termed Chromostereopsis or Chromatic Stereopsis
Chronic
Ongoing or recurring. Chronic medical conditions include diabetes, epilepsy, and chronic fatigue syndrome.
Chronic bacterial prostatitis
Longstanding bacterial infection of the prostate gland superimposed on a defect in the prostate. (The prostate is a small organ below the bladder which surrounds the urethra, the tube that carries urine down from the bladder.) The symptoms can include low back pain, discomfort in the perineum (the area between the anus and the genitalia), testicular pain and, if the infection spreads to the bladder, mild pain or burning on urination (dysuria) and frequent and urgent need to urinate (frequency and urgency). The presence of white blood cells and bacteria in the urine attests to the fact that the urinary tract is infected with bacteria. The defect in the prostate is the focal point for the persistent infection. Effective treatment requires identification and correction of this defect before antibiotics can be effective.
Chronic bronchitis
Defined clinically as a daily cough with production of sputum for 3 months, two years in a row. In chronic bronchitis, there is inflammation and swelling of the lining of the airways that lead to narrowing and obstruction of the airways. The inflammation stimulates production of mucous (sputum), which can cause further obstruction of the airways. Obstruction of the airways, especially with mucus, increases the likelihood of bacterial lung infections.
Chronic disease
A disease that persists for a long time.
Chronic fatigue syndrome
A debilitating and complex disorder characterized by profound fatigue of six months or longer duration that is not improved by bed rest and that may be worsened by physical or mental activity. Persons with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) most often function at a substantially lower level of activity than they were capable of before the onset of illness. In addition to these key defining characteristics, patients report various nonspecific symptoms, including weakness, muscle pain, impaired memory and/or mental concentration, insomnia and post-exertional fatigue lasting more than 24 hours. In some cases, CFS can persist for years.
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS)
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome is a chronic illness that affects many body systems and their functions, particularly the nervous and immune systems. The illness can cause extreme fatigue, muscle pain, memory loss and poor concentration.
Chronic illness
An illness that persists for a long period of time.
Chronic leukemia
Cancer of the blood cells (leukemia) that progresses slowly.
Chronic myelogenous leukemia
A chronic malignant disease in which too many white blood cells belonging to the myeloid line of cells are made in the bone marrow. Early symptoms of this form of leukemia include fatigue and night sweats. The disease is due to the growth and evolution of an abnormal clone of cells containing a chromosome rearrangement known as the Philadelphia (or Ph) chromosome. Chronic myelogenous leukemia is commonly called CML. It is also known as chronic myelocytic leukemia and chronic granulocytic leukemia.
Chronic obstructive lung disease (COLD)
Any disorder that persistently obstructs bronchial airflow. COLD mainly involves two related diseases -- chronic bronchitis and emphysema. Both cause chronic obstruction of air flowing through the airways and in and out of the lungs. The obstruction is generally permanent and progresses (becomes worse) over time.
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary
Any disorder that persistently obstructs bronchial airflow. COPD mainly involves two related diseases -- chronic bronchitis and emphysema. Both cause chronic obstruction of air flowing through the airways and in and out of the lungs. The obstruction is generally permanent and progresses (becomes worse) over time.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
A disease of chronic diffuse irreversible airflow obstruction. Subcategories of COPD include chronic bronchitis and pulmonary emphysema.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
A progressive lung disease process characterized by difficulty breathing, wheezing, and a chronic cough. Complications include bronchitis, pneumonia, and lung cancer.
Chronic otitis externa
Chronic inflammation of the skin lining the external ear canal leading to the ear drum. Can be caused by a number of problems including bacterial infection, a chronic skin disorder (eczema or seborrhea), fungus (Aspergillosis), chronic irritation (hearing aids, Q-tips), allergy, chronic drainage from middle ear disease, a tumor (rare), or it may simply be due to a nervous habit of frequently scratching the ear.
Chronic pain
Chronic pain is medically defined as pain that has lasted 6 months or longer.This constant or intermittent pain has often outlived its purpose, as it does not help the body to prevent injury.It is often more difficult to treat than acute pain.
Chronic pancreatitis
A form of pancreatitis in which there is persistent inflammation of the pancreas.
Chronic phase
Refers to the early stages of chronic myelogenous leukemia. The number of immature, abnormal white blood cells in the bone marrow and blood is higher than normal, but lower than in the accelerated or blast phase.
Chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia
Slowly progressive paralysis of certain eye muscles. Chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia is abbreviated CPEO.
Chronic renal failure
Slow progressive loss of kidney function over the span of years, resulting in permanent kidney failure. Chronic kidney disease is common and may go undiagnosed until the process is far advanced and renal failure is on the horizon. People with permanent kidney failure need dialysis or a transplanted kidney to do the work of their failed kidneys.
Chronic tamponade
A situation in which a chronic excess of fluid inside the pericardial sac and thickening of the pericardial sac progressively compress the heart and impair its performance. The excess fluid in the pericardial sac acts to constrict the heart. Here the outpouring of fluid within the pericardial sac is slowly smashing into the heart.
Chronic Venous Insufficiency
Damaged valves in the veins or a blood clot in the leg may cause ongoing swelling, blood pooling in the legs, and if untreated, discomfort and ulceration.
Chronic wasting disease
A transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) of North American deer and elk, a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that produces spongiform changes in the brain and chronic weight loss leading to the death of these animals. There is no known relationship between chronic wasting disease (CWD) and any other TSE of animals or people.
Chronicity
Characterized by long duration. The state of being chronic.
Chronulac
Chronulac is a prescription or over-the-counter drug which is (or once was) approved in the United States and possibly in other countries. Active ingredient(s): lactulose.
PREVIOUS AND NEXT TERMS--------------------------------------
Cerebral cortex
The external gray layer of the brain, the neocortex
Cervix
The neck or neck-like part of an organ; specifically the neck of the lower part of the uterus, or womb, where the vagina and uterus unite.
Chordee
Fixed curvature or tying down of the penis or hypertrophied clitoris as in the hypospadiac birth defect characteristic of various types of hermaphroditism.
Chrematistophilia
A paraphilia of the mercantile/venal type in which sexuoerotic arousal and facilitation or attainment of orgasm are responsive to, and contingent on being charged or forced to pay, or being robbed by the sexual partner for sexual services.
Chromosomal mosaicism
A chromosomal pattern in which some cells of the body have the standard number of chromosomes (46,XX or 46,XY), and others have more or less, as in 45,X/46,XY (a mosaic variety of Turner's syndrome); or 46,XY/47,XXY (a mosaic variety of Klinefelter's syndrome), and many others.
Chronophilia
Cherambault-Kandinsky Syndrome
A paraphilia of the solicitational/allurative stratagem; a sexuoerotic pathology in which a [person] male or female has a limerent fixation on someone unattainable, an unshakable and false conviction that his/her own life is totally under the control of the unattainable one, and that the unattainable one reciprocates his/her love, limerence or love-smitteness secretly if not openly.
Circadian
Fluctuating regularly on a time basis usually entrained to a metabolic, endocrine, neurochemical, light-dark, temperature, or seasonal cycle (see also diurnal, ultradian). There are very fast biorhythm cycles such as in the EEG and ECG, a 90-minute cycle seen in REM-NREM sleep or in waking attentive/alert-drowsy/inattentive swing, a twice daily body temperature peak and slump. a 24-hour ACTH cycle, a monthly menstrual cycle, and possibly longer seasonal cycles not yet thoroughly described.
Climacteric
In women, the menopause; in men, the life changes that may or may not occur as the counterpart of the menopause in women.
Clitoris
The small, hooded organ (the clitoral glans) at the top of the cleft of the female vulva, which is the counterpart of the penis in the male [from Greek, kleitoris, clitoris]. Usually only the glans of the clitoris is externally visible. In the human female the body of the clitoris extends internally on either side of the vulva and vestibule. In total the clitoris is about 80 percent the size of the male penis.
Clitoromegaly
Extreme enlargement or hypertrophy of the clitoris.
RELATED TERMS--------------------------------------
Sexuoerotic
The sexual and the erotic experienced as a unity, with more emphasis on sexual behavior than erotic imagery.
Discordant
1. Showing discordance, lack of agreement. A couple may be discordant for a sexually transmitted infection, with one partner having it and the other not. 2. In transplantation genetics, between different species. A discordant xenograft is a transplant between members of very different species
Concordant
1. Showing concordance, complete agreement. A couple may be concordant for a sexually transmitted infection, with both partners having it. 2. In transplantation genetics, between closely related species. A concordant xenograft is a transplant between members of closely related species.
Infantilism
The paraphilia of impersonating an infant and being treated as one by the partner; one of the stigmatic/eligibilic paraphilias. Synonym, autonepiophilia.
Nepiophilia
A paraphilia of the stigmatic/eligibilic type like pedophilia except that the age range is restricted to infancy. The reciprocal paraphilic condition is autonepiophilia, or paraphilic infantilism, impersonating a baby. The parallel paraphilias are ephebophilia, and gerontophilia, as well as pedophilia.
Juvenilism
The paraphilia of impersonating a juvenile and being treated as one by the partner - one of the stigmatic/eligibilic paraphilias
Pedophilia
A paraphilia of the stigmatic/eligibilic type in which sexuoerotic arousal and the facilitation or attainment of orgasm in a postpubertal adolescent or adult male or female are responsive to and [dependent upon] contingent on having a juvenile partner of prepubertal or peripubertal, developmental status. Pedophile relationships may be heterosexual or homosexual or, more rarely, bisexual. They may take place in imagery or actuality, or both. The technical term for the reciprocal paraphilic condition in which an older person impersonates a juvenile is paraphilic juvenilism. The age and developmental status of the partner distinguishes pedophilia from nepiophilia and ephebophilia. (adjective, pedophilic): the condition in which an adult is responsive to or dependent on the imagery or actuality of erotic/sexual activity with a peripubertal or early pubertal boy or girl, in order to obtain erotic arousal and facilitate or achieve orgasm. A pedophiliac may be a male or a female. Pedophilic activity may be replayed in fantasy during masturbation or copulation with an older partner.
Ephebophilia
A paraphilia of the eligibilic/stigmatic type distinct from nepiophilia and pedophilia in that the age of the partner is postpubertal and adolescent. The technical term for the reciprocal paraphilic condition in which an older person impersonates an adolescent is paraphilic adolescentilism. Synonym, hebephilia, the condtition in which an adult is responsive to and dependent on the actuality or imagery of erotic/sexual activity with an adolescent boy or girl in order to obtain erotic arousal and facilitate or achieve orgasm. An ephebophiliac may be of either sex. Ephebophilic activity may be replayed in fantasy during masturbation or copulation with an older partner.
Gerontalism
Impersonating an older person and being treated as one by a partner--one of the stigmatic/eligibilic paraphilias.
Gerontophilia
A paraphilia of the stigmatic/eligibilic type in which the partner must be parental or grandparental in age. The technical term for the reciprocal paraphilic condition in which a younger person must impersonate a parent or grandparent is paraphilic. 2. The condition in which a young adult is responsive to and dependent on erotic/sexual activity with a much older partner in order to obtain erotic arousal and facilitate or achieve orgasm.
SIMILAR TERMS--------------------------------------
Chromalbin
Chromalbin is a prescription or over-the-counter drug which is (or once was) approved in the United States and possibly in other countries. Active ingredient(s): albumin chromated cr-51 serum.
Chromatic adaptation technique
Used to identify receptor inputs. An adapting light is chosen such that it affects the response to one of the inputs to a cell far more than the other. The cells response is selectively desensitized so that the cell is largely driven by the other input. This way the response properties of the cell can now be studied in relative isolation.
Chromatids
The daughter strands of a duplicated chromosome joined together by a centromere.
Chromatin
The nucleoprotein material of chromosomes. Chromatin is essentially the substance of chromosomes. It is made up of DNA attached to a protein structure, together with chromosomal RNA. Chromatin exists in two states, euchromatin and heterochromatin, with different staining and functional properties.
Chromatin remodeling
Dynamic structural changes to the chromatin occurring throughout the cell division cycle. These changes range from the local changes necessary for transcriptional regulation to global changes necessary for chromosome segregation. Chromatin remodeling is an epigenetic phenomenon.
Chromatography, gas (GC)
A type of automated chromatography (a technique used to separate mixtures of substances) in which the mixture to be analyzed is vaporized and carried by an inert gas through a special column and thence to a detection device. The special column can contain an inert porous solid (in gas-solid chromatography) or a liquid coated on a solid support (in gas-liquid chromatography). The basic aim with GC is to separate each component that was in the mixture so that it produces a different peak in the detection device output which is graphed on a chart recorder. GC is a valuable tool in biochemistry (and other fields of chemistry, as in the analysis of perfumes).
Chromatophobia
An abnormal and persistent fear of money. Sufferers experience undue anxiety even though they realize their fear is irrational. They worry that they might mismanage money or that money might live up to its reputation as "the root of all evil."
Chromesthesia
A type of synesthesia in which which a nonvisual stimulus causes the individual to perceive color. Color hearing is a form of chromesthesia. In color hearing a musical tone elicits a color. One well-studied case involved an art teacher who had a range of consistent linkages between tone and color. For her, high octaves tended to evoke a lighter color value, while lower octaves evoked a darker color value. And rapid major chord tone sequences elicited rapid flashes of colors, "somewhat like fireworks exploding."
Chromic chloride
Chromic chloride is a prescription or over-the-counter drug which is (or once was) approved in the United States and possibly in other countries. Active ingredient(s): chromic chloride.
Chromic chloride in plastic container
Chromic chloride in plastic container is a prescription or over-the-counter drug which is (or once was) approved in the United States and possibly in other countries. Active ingredient(s): chromic chloride.
Chromitope sodium
Chromitope sodium is a prescription or over-the-counter drug which is (or once was) approved in the United States and possibly in other countries. Active ingredient(s): sodium chromate, cr-51.
Chromosomal abnormalities
A problem with the chromosomes - either inherited or caused by a mutation - that leads to disorders such as Down syndrome. An estimated half of all first-trimester miscarriages are due to chromosomal abnormalities too severe for the fetus to live.
Chromosomal mosaicism
A chromosomal pattern in which some cells of the body have the standard number of chromosomes (46,XX or 46,XY), and others have more or less, as in 45,X/46,XY (a mosaic variety of Turner's syndrome); or 46,XY/47,XXY (a mosaic variety of Klinefelter's syndrome), and many others.
Chromosome
A structural unit within a eukaryotic nucleus that carries genes. A chromosome consists of a long, continuous strand of DNA and associated proteins.
Chromosome 1
The largest human chromosome, comprising approximately 10% of the human genome. Chromosome 1 contains over 240 million base pairs and over 3000 genes including the UROD gene for porphyria cutanea tarda, the GBA gene for Gaucher disease, the GLC1A gene for glaucoma, the HPC1 gene for prostate cancer, and the PS2 gene for Alzheimer disease.
Chromosome 11 childhood leukemia
A new type of childhood leukemia in which a piece of chromosome 11 has been translocated (broken off and attached itself to another chromosome). Children with this type of leukemia have a particularly poor prognosis (outlook). They do not respond at all well to the standard therapies for ALL (acute lymphoblastic or lymphocytic leukemia) and often suffer from early relapse after chemotherapy. Children with chromosome 11 translocation leukemia have gene expression profiles that are different from the profiles of other acute leukemias such as ALL and acute myeloid leukemia.
Chromosome 1Q Duplication Syndrome
Chromosome 1Q Duplication Syndrome refers to the duplication of the long arm of chromosome 1 associated with a variable phenotype, including psychomotor retardation, craniofacial malformations, and various limb, heart, and urogenital anomalies.
Chromosome 2
The second largest chromosome in the human genome. Chromosome 2 contains over 240 million base pairs and more than 2500 genes, including the ETM2 gene for essential tremor, the MSH2 and MSH6 genes for colon cancer, and the PAX3 gene for Waardenburg syndrome.
Chromosome 3
One of the largest human chromosomes, comprising approximately 6.5% of the human genome. Chromosome 3 has between 1,100 and 1,500 genes of the estimated 30,000 to 40,000 genes in the human genome. Among the genes on chromosome 3 are the HGD gene for alkaptonuria, the BTD gene for biotinidase deficiency, the CPOX gene for hereditary coproporphyria, the MLH1 gene for hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC), the ZNF9 gene for type 2 myotonic dystrophy, the TMIE gene for an autosomal recessive form of nonsyndromic deafness, and the BCCB gene for propionic acidemia.
Chromosome 4p- syndrome
The 4p- syndrome or Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome, is a chromosome disorder due to partial deletion of the short (p) arm of chromosome 4. It is, therefore, also called the 4p- syndrome. Features of the syndrome include midline defects with a scalp defect, widespaced eyes, broad or beaked nose, oral facial clefts (cleft lip/palate); low simple ears with a dimple in front of the ear; small &/or asymmetrical head; heart defects; and seizures (that tends to diminish with age). There is severe to profound developmental and mental retardation. Some patients do learn to walk with or without support and some achieve sphincter control (by day). There is usually very slow progress in development.
Chromosome 5q- syndrome
A blood disorder due to the loss of part of the long (q) arm of chromosome 5 in myeloid (bone marrow) cells, causing refractory (treatment-resistant) anemia, and myelodysplastic syndrome that is generally associated with a good prognosis but on occasion may lead to AML (acute myeloid leukemia).
Chromosome band
One of the transverse bands produced on chromosomes by differential staining techniques. Depending on the particular staining technique, the bands are alternating light and dark or fluorescent and nonfluorescent.
Chromosome banding
The treatment of chromosomes to reveal characteristic patterns of horizontal bands like bar codes. The banding patterns lend each chromosome a distinctive appearance so the 22 pairs of human nonsex chromosomes and the X and Y chromosomes can be identified and distinguished without ambiguity. Banding also permits the recognition of chromosome deletions (lost segments), chromosome duplications (surplus segments) and other types of structural rearrangements of chromosomes.
Chromosome complement
The whole set of chromosomes for the species. In humans, the chromosome complement (which is also called the karyotype) consists of 46 chromosomes.
Chromosome disorder
An abnormal condition due to an abnormality of the chromosomes. For example, Down syndrome (the genetic abnormality featuring three chromosome 21s, instead of two, also referred to as trisomy 21) is a chromosome disorder.
Chromosome duplication
Part of a chromosome in duplicate. A particular kind of mutation involving the production of one or more copies of any piece of DNA, including sometimes a gene or even an entire chromosome. A duplication is the opposite of a deletion.
Chromosome inversion
A chromosome segment is clipped out, turned upside down and reinserted back into the chromosome. A chromosome inversion can be inherited and have come from one of the parents to a child. Or the inversion can appear for the first time in a child.
Chromosome inversion, paracentric
A basic type of chromosome rearrangement. A segment that does not include the centromere (and so is paracentric) has been snipped out of a chromosome, turned through 180 degrees (inverted), and inserted right back into its original location in chromosome. The feature that makes it paracentric is that both breaks are on the same side of the centromere so that the centromere (the point at which the chromosome attaches to the spindle) is not affected. Any chromosome inversion can be inherited and have come from one of the parents to a child. Or the inversion can appear for the first time in a child. An inversion can be "balanced", meaning that it has all the genes present in the normal uninverted chromosome. Or an inversion can be "unbalanced", meaning that genes been have deleted (lost) or duplicated. A balanced inversion in a child causes no problems. An unbalanced inversion is abnormal and is often associated with problems such as development delay (and later, mental retardation) and multiple congenital anomalies (birth defects). Inversions can also be acquired in a body cell (a somatic cell) and be a step involving that cell in a precancerous and cancerous process.
Chromosome inversion, pericentric
A basic type of chromosome rearrangement in which a segment that includes the centromere (and so is pericentric) has been snipped out of a chromosome, turned through 180 degrees (inverted), and inserted back into its original location in chromosome. The feature that makes it pericentric is that both breaks are on either side of the centromere (the point at which the chromosome attaches to the spindle). Any chromosome inversion can be inherited and have come from one of the parents to a child. Or the inversion can appear for the first time in a child. An inversion can be "balanced", meaning that it has all the genes present in the normal uninverted chromosome. Or an inversion can be "unbalanced", meaning that genes been have deleted (lost) or duplicated. A balanced inversion in a child causes no problems. An unbalanced inversion is abnormal and is often associated with problems such as development delay (and later, mental retardation) and multiple congenital anomalies (birth defects). Inversions can also be acquired in a body cell (a somatic cell) and be a step involving that cell in a precancerous and cancerous process.
Chromosome, acentric
A fragment of a chromosome (one of the microscopically visible carriers of the genetic material DNA) that is lacking a centromere (the "waist" of the chromosome essential for the division and the retention of the chromosome in the cell) and so is lost when the cell divides.
Chromosome, acrocentric
A chromosome (one of the microscopically visible carriers of the genetic material DNA) with its centromere (the "waist" of the chromosome) located quite near one end of the chromosome. The "acro-" in acrocentric comes from the Greek "akron" meaning "the end." Humans have 5 pairs of acrocentric chromosomes. Down syndrome (trisomy 21) is due to an extra acrocentric chromosome, namely chromosome 21.
Chromosome, dicentric
An abnormal chromosome (a microscopically visible carrier of the genetic material DNA) with two centromeres rather than the normal one. The centromere is essential for the division of the chromosome. A dicentric chromosome is twice tethered and so is pulled in opposite directions when the cell divides and this causes the chromosome to form a bridge and then break. Dicentric chromosomes are a cause of chromosome instability.
Chromosome, marker
An abnormal chromosome that is distinctive in appearance but not fully identified. A marker chromosome is not a "marker" of a specific disease. It is a marker chromosome merely in the sense that it can be distinguished under the microscope from all of the normal human chromosomes. For example, the fragile X chromosome was once called the marker X.
Chromosome, metaphase
A chromosome in the stage of the cell cycle (the sequence of events in the life of a cell) when a chromosome is most condensed and easiest to distinguish and so to study. Metaphase chromosomes are often chosen for karyotyping and for chromosome analysis because they are readily seen.. However, chromosomes in metaphase can be so condensed and scrunched up that it is difficult to make out much in the way of detail. More distended chromosomes (in prometaphase or prophase) are therefore sometimes selected for study when fine details are important.
Chromosome, X
The sex chromosome found twice in normal females and once, along with a Y chromosome, in normal males. The complete chromosome complement consisting of 46 chromosomes including the two sex chromosomes is conventionally written as 46,XX for females and 46,XY for males. The X chromosome carries hundreds of genes. Few, if any, of them have anything to do with sex. It is thought that the X and Y chromosomes evolved from an ancient pair of autosomal (nonsex) chromosomes and that the X chromosome retains much of its old autosomal information.
Chromosomes
Filaments of genetic material in every cell nucleus that are made up of genes and that transmit genetic information from one generation of cells to the next.
Chromosomes in multiple miscarriages
Couples who have had more than one miscarriage (spontaneous abortion) have about a 5% chance that one member of the couple is carrying a chromosome translocation responsible for the miscarriages.
Chromostereopsis
The optics of the eye are such that short wavelengths are refracted slightly more than long wavelengths creating a positional disparity on the retina. When viewed by two eyes a stereoscopic disparity is obtained. This is termed Chromostereopsis or Chromatic Stereopsis
Chronic
Ongoing or recurring. Chronic medical conditions include diabetes, epilepsy, and chronic fatigue syndrome.
Chronic bacterial prostatitis
Longstanding bacterial infection of the prostate gland superimposed on a defect in the prostate. (The prostate is a small organ below the bladder which surrounds the urethra, the tube that carries urine down from the bladder.) The symptoms can include low back pain, discomfort in the perineum (the area between the anus and the genitalia), testicular pain and, if the infection spreads to the bladder, mild pain or burning on urination (dysuria) and frequent and urgent need to urinate (frequency and urgency). The presence of white blood cells and bacteria in the urine attests to the fact that the urinary tract is infected with bacteria. The defect in the prostate is the focal point for the persistent infection. Effective treatment requires identification and correction of this defect before antibiotics can be effective.
Chronic bronchitis
Defined clinically as a daily cough with production of sputum for 3 months, two years in a row. In chronic bronchitis, there is inflammation and swelling of the lining of the airways that lead to narrowing and obstruction of the airways. The inflammation stimulates production of mucous (sputum), which can cause further obstruction of the airways. Obstruction of the airways, especially with mucus, increases the likelihood of bacterial lung infections.
Chronic disease
A disease that persists for a long time.
Chronic fatigue syndrome
A debilitating and complex disorder characterized by profound fatigue of six months or longer duration that is not improved by bed rest and that may be worsened by physical or mental activity. Persons with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) most often function at a substantially lower level of activity than they were capable of before the onset of illness. In addition to these key defining characteristics, patients report various nonspecific symptoms, including weakness, muscle pain, impaired memory and/or mental concentration, insomnia and post-exertional fatigue lasting more than 24 hours. In some cases, CFS can persist for years.
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS)
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome is a chronic illness that affects many body systems and their functions, particularly the nervous and immune systems. The illness can cause extreme fatigue, muscle pain, memory loss and poor concentration.
Chronic illness
An illness that persists for a long period of time.
Chronic leukemia
Cancer of the blood cells (leukemia) that progresses slowly.
Chronic myelogenous leukemia
A chronic malignant disease in which too many white blood cells belonging to the myeloid line of cells are made in the bone marrow. Early symptoms of this form of leukemia include fatigue and night sweats. The disease is due to the growth and evolution of an abnormal clone of cells containing a chromosome rearrangement known as the Philadelphia (or Ph) chromosome. Chronic myelogenous leukemia is commonly called CML. It is also known as chronic myelocytic leukemia and chronic granulocytic leukemia.
Chronic obstructive lung disease (COLD)
Any disorder that persistently obstructs bronchial airflow. COLD mainly involves two related diseases -- chronic bronchitis and emphysema. Both cause chronic obstruction of air flowing through the airways and in and out of the lungs. The obstruction is generally permanent and progresses (becomes worse) over time.
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary
Any disorder that persistently obstructs bronchial airflow. COPD mainly involves two related diseases -- chronic bronchitis and emphysema. Both cause chronic obstruction of air flowing through the airways and in and out of the lungs. The obstruction is generally permanent and progresses (becomes worse) over time.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
A disease of chronic diffuse irreversible airflow obstruction. Subcategories of COPD include chronic bronchitis and pulmonary emphysema.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
A progressive lung disease process characterized by difficulty breathing, wheezing, and a chronic cough. Complications include bronchitis, pneumonia, and lung cancer.
Chronic otitis externa
Chronic inflammation of the skin lining the external ear canal leading to the ear drum. Can be caused by a number of problems including bacterial infection, a chronic skin disorder (eczema or seborrhea), fungus (Aspergillosis), chronic irritation (hearing aids, Q-tips), allergy, chronic drainage from middle ear disease, a tumor (rare), or it may simply be due to a nervous habit of frequently scratching the ear.
Chronic pain
Chronic pain is medically defined as pain that has lasted 6 months or longer.This constant or intermittent pain has often outlived its purpose, as it does not help the body to prevent injury.It is often more difficult to treat than acute pain.
Chronic pancreatitis
A form of pancreatitis in which there is persistent inflammation of the pancreas.
Chronic phase
Refers to the early stages of chronic myelogenous leukemia. The number of immature, abnormal white blood cells in the bone marrow and blood is higher than normal, but lower than in the accelerated or blast phase.
Chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia
Slowly progressive paralysis of certain eye muscles. Chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia is abbreviated CPEO.
Chronic renal failure
Slow progressive loss of kidney function over the span of years, resulting in permanent kidney failure. Chronic kidney disease is common and may go undiagnosed until the process is far advanced and renal failure is on the horizon. People with permanent kidney failure need dialysis or a transplanted kidney to do the work of their failed kidneys.
Chronic tamponade
A situation in which a chronic excess of fluid inside the pericardial sac and thickening of the pericardial sac progressively compress the heart and impair its performance. The excess fluid in the pericardial sac acts to constrict the heart. Here the outpouring of fluid within the pericardial sac is slowly smashing into the heart.
Chronic Venous Insufficiency
Damaged valves in the veins or a blood clot in the leg may cause ongoing swelling, blood pooling in the legs, and if untreated, discomfort and ulceration.
Chronic wasting disease
A transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) of North American deer and elk, a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that produces spongiform changes in the brain and chronic weight loss leading to the death of these animals. There is no known relationship between chronic wasting disease (CWD) and any other TSE of animals or people.
Chronicity
Characterized by long duration. The state of being chronic.
Chronulac
Chronulac is a prescription or over-the-counter drug which is (or once was) approved in the United States and possibly in other countries. Active ingredient(s): lactulose.
PREVIOUS AND NEXT TERMS--------------------------------------
Cerebral cortex
The external gray layer of the brain, the neocortex
Cervix
The neck or neck-like part of an organ; specifically the neck of the lower part of the uterus, or womb, where the vagina and uterus unite.
Chordee
Fixed curvature or tying down of the penis or hypertrophied clitoris as in the hypospadiac birth defect characteristic of various types of hermaphroditism.
Chrematistophilia
A paraphilia of the mercantile/venal type in which sexuoerotic arousal and facilitation or attainment of orgasm are responsive to, and contingent on being charged or forced to pay, or being robbed by the sexual partner for sexual services.
Chromosomal mosaicism
A chromosomal pattern in which some cells of the body have the standard number of chromosomes (46,XX or 46,XY), and others have more or less, as in 45,X/46,XY (a mosaic variety of Turner's syndrome); or 46,XY/47,XXY (a mosaic variety of Klinefelter's syndrome), and many others.
Chronophilia
Cherambault-Kandinsky Syndrome
A paraphilia of the solicitational/allurative stratagem; a sexuoerotic pathology in which a [person] male or female has a limerent fixation on someone unattainable, an unshakable and false conviction that his/her own life is totally under the control of the unattainable one, and that the unattainable one reciprocates his/her love, limerence or love-smitteness secretly if not openly.
Circadian
Fluctuating regularly on a time basis usually entrained to a metabolic, endocrine, neurochemical, light-dark, temperature, or seasonal cycle (see also diurnal, ultradian). There are very fast biorhythm cycles such as in the EEG and ECG, a 90-minute cycle seen in REM-NREM sleep or in waking attentive/alert-drowsy/inattentive swing, a twice daily body temperature peak and slump. a 24-hour ACTH cycle, a monthly menstrual cycle, and possibly longer seasonal cycles not yet thoroughly described.
Climacteric
In women, the menopause; in men, the life changes that may or may not occur as the counterpart of the menopause in women.
Clitoris
The small, hooded organ (the clitoral glans) at the top of the cleft of the female vulva, which is the counterpart of the penis in the male [from Greek, kleitoris, clitoris]. Usually only the glans of the clitoris is externally visible. In the human female the body of the clitoris extends internally on either side of the vulva and vestibule. In total the clitoris is about 80 percent the size of the male penis.
Clitoromegaly
Extreme enlargement or hypertrophy of the clitoris.
We thank you for using the Medical Glossary to search for Chronophilia. If you have a better definition for Chronophilia than the one presented here, please let us know by making use of the suggest a term option. This definition of Chronophilia may be disputed by other professionals. Our attempt is to provide easy definitions on Chronophilia and any other medical topic for the public at large.
This dictionary contains 19186 terms.
|
|