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| This glossary contains: 19186 medical terms |
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Carbidopa
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Carbidopa Carbidopa is a peripheral decarboxylase inhibitor. Dopa decarboxylase is an enzyme that converts levodopa into dopamine - a major neurotransmitter and neuromodular of cellular function. Carbidopa is sometimes used to prevent the peripheral conversion of levodopa into dopamine in peripheral sites such as the gut, thus allowing more levodopa to reach the brain where it can have therapeutic effects.
RELATED TERMS--------------------------------------
Carbidopa
Carbidopa is a peripheral decarboxylase inhibitor. Dopa decarboxylase is an enzyme that converts levodopa into dopamine - a major neurotransmitter and neuromodular of cellular function. Carbidopa is sometimes used to prevent the peripheral conversion of levodopa into dopamine in peripheral sites such as the gut, thus allowing more levodopa to reach the brain where it can have therapeutic effects.
Peripheral
At or near the surface of the body. Located away from the center structure.
Inhibitor
A substance that is added to another to prevent or slow down an unwanted reaction or change.
Dopa
A precursor (forerunner) of dopamine, a key neurotransmitter (messenger) in the brain. Dopa is used in the treatment of Parkinson disease. Parkinson disease is believed to be related to low levels of dopamine in certain parts of the brain. When dopa is taken by mouth, it crosses through the blood-brain barrier. Once it has crossed from the bloodstream into the brain, it is converted to dopamine. The resulting increase in dopamine concentrations in the brain is thought to improve nerve conduction and to assist in lessening the movement disorders in Parkinson disease.
Enzyme
A cellular protein whose shape allows it to hold together several other molecules in close proximity to each other. In this way, enzymes are able to induce chemical reactions in other substances with little expenditure of energy and without being changed themselves. Basically, an enzyme acts as a catalyst.
Levodopa
L-dopa. The single most effective anti-Parkinson drug, it is changed into dopamine in the brain.
Dopamine
A neurotransmitter that works in an axis with serotonin.
Neurotransmitter
Specialized chemical messenger (eg, acetylcholine, dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin) that sends a message from one nerve cell to another. Most neurotransmitters play different roles throughout the body, many of which are not yet known.
Conversion
A defense mechanism, operating unconsciously, by which intrapsychic conflicts that would otherwise give rise to anxiety are instead given symbolic external expression. The repressed ideas or impulses, and the psychological defenses against them, are converted into a variety of somatic symptoms. These may include such symptoms as paralysis, pain, or loss of sensory function.
Brain
"That part of the central nervous system that is located within the cranium (skull). The brain functions as the primary receiver, organizer and distributor of information for the body. It has two (right and left) halves called ""hemispheres."" "
SIMILAR TERMS--------------------------------------
Carb
Slang for carbohydrate. Mainly sugars and starches, together constituting one of the three principal types of nutrients used as energy sources (calories) by the body. Carbohydrates can also be defined chemically as neutral compounds of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.
Carbachol
Carbachol is a prescription or over-the-counter drug which is (or once was) approved in the United States and possibly in other countries. Active ingredient(s): carbachol.
Carbamazepine
An anticonvulsant.
Carbastat
Carbastat is a prescription or over-the-counter drug which is (or once was) approved in the United States and possibly in other countries. Active ingredient(s): carbachol.
Carbatrol
Carbatrol is a prescription or over-the-counter drug which is (or once was) approved in the United States and possibly in other countries. Active ingredient(s): carbamazepine.
Carbidopa and levodopa
Carbidopa and levodopa is a prescription or over-the-counter drug which is (or once was) approved in the United States and possibly in other countries. Active ingredient(s): carbidopa; levodopa.
Carbilev
Carbilev is a prescription or over-the-counter drug which is (or once was) approved in the United States and possibly in other countries. Active ingredient(s): carbidopa; levodopa.
Carbinoxamine maleate
Carbinoxamine maleate is a prescription or over-the-counter drug which is (or once was) approved in the United States and possibly in other countries. Active ingredient(s): carbinoxamine maleate.
Carbo-loading
An eating routine used by some athletes that involves downing large amounts of carbohydrates several days before a potentially exhausting endurance event. Carbo-loading has no known potential benefits for anyone except athletes under these special circumstances.
Carbocaine
Carbocaine is a prescription or over-the-counter drug which is (or once was) approved in the United States and possibly in other countries. Active ingredient(s): mepivacaine hydrochloride.
Carbocaine with neo-cobefrin
Carbocaine with neo-cobefrin is a prescription or over-the-counter drug which is (or once was) approved in the United States and possibly in other countries. Active ingredient(s): levonordefrin; mepivacaine hydrochloride.
Carbohydrate
One of the three main classes of foods and a source of energy. Carbohydrates are mainly sugars and starches that the body breaks down into glucose (a simple sugar that the body can use to feed its cells). The body also uses carbohydrates to make a substance called glycogen that is stored in the liver and muscles for future use. If the body does not have enough insulin or cannot use the insulin it has, which are the basic problems in most forms of diabetes, then the body will not be able to use carbohydrates for energy the way it should.
Carbohydrate intake, infant
Carbohydrates (glucose, lactose, sucrose, galactose, etc.) are sugars or several sugars linked together. Carbohydrates provide energy (calories) for the brain tissues, muscles, and other organs.
Carbohydrates
A type of food, usually derived from plants; one of three nutrients that supply calories to the body; includes simple carbohydrates (sugar, fruit) and complex carbohydrates (vegetables, starches).
Carbolic acid
A synonym of phenol. In dilute solution, an antimicrobial agent.
Carbon dioxide
An odorless, colorless gas produced as the end product of aerobic respiration.
Carbon Dioxide
A gas created during metabolism, when the cells use oxygen to burn fat and release energy. The lungs release it when you breathe out.
Carbon dioxide content
A measure of the bicarbonate level in the blood. The normal carbon dioxide content may vary somewhat from one laboratory to another.
Carbon monoxide
An odorless, colorless, poisonous gas produced from the incomplete combustion of carbon. Prevents the blood from carrying oxygen.
Carbon Monoxide
A gas found in cigarette smoke; damages artery walls and reduces the ability of blood to carry oxygen, increasing the risk of coronary artery disease.
Carbon monoxide poisoning
Poisoning with carbon monoxide, a tasteless odorless gas that is a byproduct of combustion. Carbon monoxide acts as a poison by competing with oxygen for binding sites on hemoglobin, the molecule in red blood cells that carries oxygen from the lungs to the more remote tissues of the body and returns carbon dioxide from the tissues to the lungs. On inhalation, carbon monoxide binds to hemoglobin with a binding affinity 200--270 times greater than that of oxygen.
Carbondale Nursing Home
The Carbondale Nursing Home is a hospital in Carbondale, Pennsylvania, United States.
Carboplatin
Carboplatin is a prescription or over-the-counter drug which is (or once was) approved in the United States and possibly in other countries. Active ingredient(s): carboplatin.
Carboxyhemoglobin
Hemoglobin that has carbon monoxide instead of the normal oxygen bound to it. Carbon monoxide has a much great affinity than oxygen for hemoglobin. Carboxyhemoglobin is formed in carbon monoxide poisoning. The source of the carbon monoxide may be exhaust (such as from a car, truck, boat or generator), smoke from a fire, or tobacco smoke. The level of carboxyhemoglobin is a measure of the degree of carbon monoxide exposure.
Carboxyhemoglobinemia
The presence of carboxyhemoglobin in the blood. Carboxyhemoglobin, hemoglobin that has carbon monoxide bound to it, is formed in carbon monoxide poisoning, as from exhaust (such as from a car, truck, boat or generator), smoke from a fire, or tobacco smoke.
Carbuncle
A hard, painful, pus-filled infection of the skin. Carbuncles are larger than boils and frequently have more than one opening.
Carbuncles
A skin abscess, a collection of pus that forms inside the body. Antibiotics are often not very helpful in treating abscesses. The main treatments include hot packs and draining ("lancing") the abscess, but only when it is soft and ready to drain. If you have a fever or long-term illness, such as cancer or diabetes, or are taking medications that suppress the immune system, you should contact your healthcare practitioner if you develop an abscess.
PREVIOUS AND NEXT TERMS--------------------------------------
Comtan
A medicine used in the treatment of Parkinson's Disease.
Cytadren
A medicine used in the treatment of Cushing's Syndrome and based in aminogluthethimide, a USP-aromatase inhibitor, inhibitor of steriod biosynthesis. Manufactured by Novartis.
Coeliac disease
Coeliac disease or gluten-sensitive enteropathy is an inherited disease caused by an allergic reaction to gluten, a protein found in wheat, rye, and barley. The immune system attacks the lining of the intestines in response to the allergy. This common disease, if left untreated, can leave the intestine unable to absorb essential nutrients and vitamins leading to anaemia, bone disease and, rarely, forms of cancer.
CAM Treatment
CAM is an abbreviation for Cambridge (England) where a new therapy for amblyopia was proposed that used rotating gratings (series of black and white bars). Patients would view the rotating gratings while they performed various drawing tasks on top of the rotating gratings. Research has shown, however, that CAM treatment is not effective at improving visual acuity in amblyopic children.
CAM Treatment
CAM is an abbreviation for Cambridge (England) where a new therapy for amblyopia was proposed that used rotating gratings (series of black and white bars). Patients would view the rotating gratings while they performed various drawing tasks on top of the rotating gratings. Research has shown, however, that CAM treatment is not effective at improving visual acuity in amblyopic children.
Carbidopa
Chalazion
In the eyelid there are a number of glands that produce lubricants for the cornea and eyelid. A Chalazion occurs when a gland become plugged, enlarged, or infected. The lid looks like it has a lump about the size of a small pea. Occasionally it occurs as a thickness within the lid. Warm compresses help some disappear; others require surgical removal by an Ophthalmologist.
Choroideremia
Atrophy or decay of the choroid, choriocapillaris and Bruch’s membrane of the eye, leading to a severe loss of vision. Usually progresses to light perception by 50 years of age. Leads to night blindness tunnel vision and reduced visual acuity. No treatment available.
Chorioretinitis
An inflammation of the back of the eye involving the choroid and retina. It may be due to a number of different diseases, which affect the body such as toxoplasmosis, histoplasmosis, sarcoidosis, tuberculosis and syphilis.
Choroid
This is the vascular coat between the sclera and the retina, which furnishes blood and nutrition to the outer layer of the retina.
Choroiditis
An inflammation of the back of the eye involving the choroid and retina. It may be due to a number of different diseases, which affect the body such as toxoplasmosis, histoplasmosis, sarcoidosis, tuberculosis and syphilis.
RELATED TERMS--------------------------------------
Carbidopa
Carbidopa is a peripheral decarboxylase inhibitor. Dopa decarboxylase is an enzyme that converts levodopa into dopamine - a major neurotransmitter and neuromodular of cellular function. Carbidopa is sometimes used to prevent the peripheral conversion of levodopa into dopamine in peripheral sites such as the gut, thus allowing more levodopa to reach the brain where it can have therapeutic effects.
Peripheral
At or near the surface of the body. Located away from the center structure.
Inhibitor
A substance that is added to another to prevent or slow down an unwanted reaction or change.
Dopa
A precursor (forerunner) of dopamine, a key neurotransmitter (messenger) in the brain. Dopa is used in the treatment of Parkinson disease. Parkinson disease is believed to be related to low levels of dopamine in certain parts of the brain. When dopa is taken by mouth, it crosses through the blood-brain barrier. Once it has crossed from the bloodstream into the brain, it is converted to dopamine. The resulting increase in dopamine concentrations in the brain is thought to improve nerve conduction and to assist in lessening the movement disorders in Parkinson disease.
Enzyme
A cellular protein whose shape allows it to hold together several other molecules in close proximity to each other. In this way, enzymes are able to induce chemical reactions in other substances with little expenditure of energy and without being changed themselves. Basically, an enzyme acts as a catalyst.
Levodopa
L-dopa. The single most effective anti-Parkinson drug, it is changed into dopamine in the brain.
Dopamine
A neurotransmitter that works in an axis with serotonin.
Neurotransmitter
Specialized chemical messenger (eg, acetylcholine, dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin) that sends a message from one nerve cell to another. Most neurotransmitters play different roles throughout the body, many of which are not yet known.
Conversion
A defense mechanism, operating unconsciously, by which intrapsychic conflicts that would otherwise give rise to anxiety are instead given symbolic external expression. The repressed ideas or impulses, and the psychological defenses against them, are converted into a variety of somatic symptoms. These may include such symptoms as paralysis, pain, or loss of sensory function.
Brain
"That part of the central nervous system that is located within the cranium (skull). The brain functions as the primary receiver, organizer and distributor of information for the body. It has two (right and left) halves called ""hemispheres."" "
SIMILAR TERMS--------------------------------------
Carb
Slang for carbohydrate. Mainly sugars and starches, together constituting one of the three principal types of nutrients used as energy sources (calories) by the body. Carbohydrates can also be defined chemically as neutral compounds of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.
Carbachol
Carbachol is a prescription or over-the-counter drug which is (or once was) approved in the United States and possibly in other countries. Active ingredient(s): carbachol.
Carbamazepine
An anticonvulsant.
Carbastat
Carbastat is a prescription or over-the-counter drug which is (or once was) approved in the United States and possibly in other countries. Active ingredient(s): carbachol.
Carbatrol
Carbatrol is a prescription or over-the-counter drug which is (or once was) approved in the United States and possibly in other countries. Active ingredient(s): carbamazepine.
Carbidopa and levodopa
Carbidopa and levodopa is a prescription or over-the-counter drug which is (or once was) approved in the United States and possibly in other countries. Active ingredient(s): carbidopa; levodopa.
Carbilev
Carbilev is a prescription or over-the-counter drug which is (or once was) approved in the United States and possibly in other countries. Active ingredient(s): carbidopa; levodopa.
Carbinoxamine maleate
Carbinoxamine maleate is a prescription or over-the-counter drug which is (or once was) approved in the United States and possibly in other countries. Active ingredient(s): carbinoxamine maleate.
Carbo-loading
An eating routine used by some athletes that involves downing large amounts of carbohydrates several days before a potentially exhausting endurance event. Carbo-loading has no known potential benefits for anyone except athletes under these special circumstances.
Carbocaine
Carbocaine is a prescription or over-the-counter drug which is (or once was) approved in the United States and possibly in other countries. Active ingredient(s): mepivacaine hydrochloride.
Carbocaine with neo-cobefrin
Carbocaine with neo-cobefrin is a prescription or over-the-counter drug which is (or once was) approved in the United States and possibly in other countries. Active ingredient(s): levonordefrin; mepivacaine hydrochloride.
Carbohydrate
One of the three main classes of foods and a source of energy. Carbohydrates are mainly sugars and starches that the body breaks down into glucose (a simple sugar that the body can use to feed its cells). The body also uses carbohydrates to make a substance called glycogen that is stored in the liver and muscles for future use. If the body does not have enough insulin or cannot use the insulin it has, which are the basic problems in most forms of diabetes, then the body will not be able to use carbohydrates for energy the way it should.
Carbohydrate intake, infant
Carbohydrates (glucose, lactose, sucrose, galactose, etc.) are sugars or several sugars linked together. Carbohydrates provide energy (calories) for the brain tissues, muscles, and other organs.
Carbohydrates
A type of food, usually derived from plants; one of three nutrients that supply calories to the body; includes simple carbohydrates (sugar, fruit) and complex carbohydrates (vegetables, starches).
Carbolic acid
A synonym of phenol. In dilute solution, an antimicrobial agent.
Carbon dioxide
An odorless, colorless gas produced as the end product of aerobic respiration.
Carbon Dioxide
A gas created during metabolism, when the cells use oxygen to burn fat and release energy. The lungs release it when you breathe out.
Carbon dioxide content
A measure of the bicarbonate level in the blood. The normal carbon dioxide content may vary somewhat from one laboratory to another.
Carbon monoxide
An odorless, colorless, poisonous gas produced from the incomplete combustion of carbon. Prevents the blood from carrying oxygen.
Carbon Monoxide
A gas found in cigarette smoke; damages artery walls and reduces the ability of blood to carry oxygen, increasing the risk of coronary artery disease.
Carbon monoxide poisoning
Poisoning with carbon monoxide, a tasteless odorless gas that is a byproduct of combustion. Carbon monoxide acts as a poison by competing with oxygen for binding sites on hemoglobin, the molecule in red blood cells that carries oxygen from the lungs to the more remote tissues of the body and returns carbon dioxide from the tissues to the lungs. On inhalation, carbon monoxide binds to hemoglobin with a binding affinity 200--270 times greater than that of oxygen.
Carbondale Nursing Home
The Carbondale Nursing Home is a hospital in Carbondale, Pennsylvania, United States.
Carboplatin
Carboplatin is a prescription or over-the-counter drug which is (or once was) approved in the United States and possibly in other countries. Active ingredient(s): carboplatin.
Carboxyhemoglobin
Hemoglobin that has carbon monoxide instead of the normal oxygen bound to it. Carbon monoxide has a much great affinity than oxygen for hemoglobin. Carboxyhemoglobin is formed in carbon monoxide poisoning. The source of the carbon monoxide may be exhaust (such as from a car, truck, boat or generator), smoke from a fire, or tobacco smoke. The level of carboxyhemoglobin is a measure of the degree of carbon monoxide exposure.
Carboxyhemoglobinemia
The presence of carboxyhemoglobin in the blood. Carboxyhemoglobin, hemoglobin that has carbon monoxide bound to it, is formed in carbon monoxide poisoning, as from exhaust (such as from a car, truck, boat or generator), smoke from a fire, or tobacco smoke.
Carbuncle
A hard, painful, pus-filled infection of the skin. Carbuncles are larger than boils and frequently have more than one opening.
Carbuncles
A skin abscess, a collection of pus that forms inside the body. Antibiotics are often not very helpful in treating abscesses. The main treatments include hot packs and draining ("lancing") the abscess, but only when it is soft and ready to drain. If you have a fever or long-term illness, such as cancer or diabetes, or are taking medications that suppress the immune system, you should contact your healthcare practitioner if you develop an abscess.
PREVIOUS AND NEXT TERMS--------------------------------------
Comtan
A medicine used in the treatment of Parkinson's Disease.
Cytadren
A medicine used in the treatment of Cushing's Syndrome and based in aminogluthethimide, a USP-aromatase inhibitor, inhibitor of steriod biosynthesis. Manufactured by Novartis.
Coeliac disease
Coeliac disease or gluten-sensitive enteropathy is an inherited disease caused by an allergic reaction to gluten, a protein found in wheat, rye, and barley. The immune system attacks the lining of the intestines in response to the allergy. This common disease, if left untreated, can leave the intestine unable to absorb essential nutrients and vitamins leading to anaemia, bone disease and, rarely, forms of cancer.
CAM Treatment
CAM is an abbreviation for Cambridge (England) where a new therapy for amblyopia was proposed that used rotating gratings (series of black and white bars). Patients would view the rotating gratings while they performed various drawing tasks on top of the rotating gratings. Research has shown, however, that CAM treatment is not effective at improving visual acuity in amblyopic children.
CAM Treatment
CAM is an abbreviation for Cambridge (England) where a new therapy for amblyopia was proposed that used rotating gratings (series of black and white bars). Patients would view the rotating gratings while they performed various drawing tasks on top of the rotating gratings. Research has shown, however, that CAM treatment is not effective at improving visual acuity in amblyopic children.
Carbidopa
Chalazion
In the eyelid there are a number of glands that produce lubricants for the cornea and eyelid. A Chalazion occurs when a gland become plugged, enlarged, or infected. The lid looks like it has a lump about the size of a small pea. Occasionally it occurs as a thickness within the lid. Warm compresses help some disappear; others require surgical removal by an Ophthalmologist.
Choroideremia
Atrophy or decay of the choroid, choriocapillaris and Bruch’s membrane of the eye, leading to a severe loss of vision. Usually progresses to light perception by 50 years of age. Leads to night blindness tunnel vision and reduced visual acuity. No treatment available.
Chorioretinitis
An inflammation of the back of the eye involving the choroid and retina. It may be due to a number of different diseases, which affect the body such as toxoplasmosis, histoplasmosis, sarcoidosis, tuberculosis and syphilis.
Choroid
This is the vascular coat between the sclera and the retina, which furnishes blood and nutrition to the outer layer of the retina.
Choroiditis
An inflammation of the back of the eye involving the choroid and retina. It may be due to a number of different diseases, which affect the body such as toxoplasmosis, histoplasmosis, sarcoidosis, tuberculosis and syphilis.
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This dictionary contains 19186 terms.
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