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| This glossary contains: 19186 medical terms |
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Anaphase
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Anaphase The stage in mitosis or meiosis during which the sister chromatids (mitosis) or homologous chromosomes (meiosis) separate and migrate toward the opposite poles of the cell.
RELATED TERMS--------------------------------------
Mitosis
The division of the cell's nucleus and nuclear material of a cell; consists of four stages: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. Mitosis occurs only in eukaryotes. The DNA of the cell is replicated during interphase of the cell cycle and then segregated during the four phases of mitosis.
Meiosis
A type of cell division in which 4 daughter cells are produced, each having half the chromosome number of the parent cell; in plants, meiosis occurs in the sporangia on the sporophyte, and produces tetrads of haploid spores from the diploid spore mother cells; these spores typically grow into gametophytes; haploid cells cannot go through meiosis, since the haploid number of chromosomes is the minimum number a cell requires to survive.
Chromatids
The daughter strands of a duplicated chromosome joined together by a centromere.
Homologous
Of similar structure.
Chromosomes
Filaments of genetic material in every cell nucleus that are made up of genes and that transmit genetic information from one generation of cells to the next.
Cell
Fundamental structural unit of all life. The cell consists primarily of an outer plasma membrane, which separates it from the environment; the genetic material (DNA), which encodes heritable information for the maintainance of life; and the cytoplasm, a heterogeneous assemblage of ions, molecules, and fluid.
SIMILAR TERMS--------------------------------------
Anaphia
The inability to feel touch. From the Greek prefix an, not + Greek haphe, touch = inability to (feel) touch. A person with anaphia is said to be anaptic.
Anaphylactic shock
A severe and sometimes life-threatening immune system reaction to an antigen that a person has been previously exposed to. The reaction may include itchy skin, edema, collapsed blood vessels, fainting, and difficulty in breathing.
Anaphylactoid purpura
See: Sch”nlein-Henoch purpura.
Anaphylatoxin
Substance capable of releasing histamine from mast cells.
Anaphylaxis
Immediate hypersensitivity response to antigenic challenge, mediated by IgE and mast cells. It is a life-threatening allergic reaction, caused by the release of pharmacologically active agents.
Anaplasia
Characteristics of a cell (structure and orientation) that make it identifiable as a cancer cell. Malignant.
Anaplasmosis
A tick-borne disease of cattle, sheep, and related ruminants caused by a microorganism called Anaplasma marginale and characterized by anemia and jaundice. Also called gallsickness and gall sickness.
Anaplastology
The art and science of restoring a malformed or absent part of the human body through artificial means. An anaplastologist makes prosthetic devices. From the Greek ana, again, + plastos, formed. See also: Prosthesis.
Anaprox
See: Naproxen.
Anaprox ds
Anaprox ds is a prescription or over-the-counter drug which is (or once was) legal in the United States and possibly in other countries. Active ingredient(s): naproxen sodium.
Anaptic
Suffering from an impaired sense of touch, (a state called anaphia) or tactile anesthesia. An anaptic person has anaphia (an, not + Greek haphe, touch = inability to (feel) touch.
PREVIOUS AND NEXT TERMS--------------------------------------
Antidepressant
A term typically used to describe medications that are used in the treatment of depression. Such medications are sometimes found useful in the treatment of anxiety and panic disorders, but tend to still be called antidepressants because doctors originally used them to treat depression before realizing the medications could treat anxiety as well. In other words, taking an antidepressant does not necessarily imply that a person is depressed. Medications such as Serotonin Re-uptake Inhibitors (SRIs) and Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs) are often called antidepressants, yet are commonly used to treat anxiety as well.
Abilify
Commercial name for Aripiprazole. It is the sixth of the second generation antipsychotic (or atypical antipsychotic) medications to hit the market. Aripirazole is FDA approved for the treatment of schizophrenia. Additionally, it has recently received FDA approval for the treatment of acute manic and mixed episodes associated with bipolar disorder.
Ankle
A gliding joint between the distal ends of the tibia and fibula and the proximal end of the talus.
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH), or arginine vasopressin (AVP), is a peptide hormone produced by the hypothalamus, and stored in the posterior part of the pituitary gland. ADH acts on the kidneys, concentrating the urine by promoting the reabsorption of water from the cortical collecting duct.
Acetylcholine
The neurotransmitter substance at cholinergic synapses, which causes cardiac inhibition, vasodilation, gastrointestinal peristalsis, and other parasympathetic effects. It is liberated from preganglionic and postganglionic endings of parasympathetic fibers and from preganglionic fibers of the sympathetic as a result of nerve injuries, whereupon it acts as a transmitter on the effector organ; it is hydrolyzed into choline and acetic acid by acetylcholinesterase before a second impulse may be transmitted.
Anaphase
Adrenal cortex
The outer portion of the adrenal gland that secretes hormones that are vital to the body.
Adrenal gland
The pair of adrenal glands are located on top of both kidneys. Adrenal glands work hand-in-hand with the hypothalamus and pituitary gland.
Aldosterone
A hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex which affects blood pressure and saline balance.
Androgen hormone
A hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex which affects the development of male characteristics.
Acne vulgaris
Disease of the pilosebaceous unit (the sebaceous follicle, sebaceous glands and sebaceous ducts) and is characterized by comedones, pustules, papules, nodules, and cysts. It usually erupts during adolescence, but may continue to erupt even after adolescence.
RELATED TERMS--------------------------------------
Mitosis
The division of the cell's nucleus and nuclear material of a cell; consists of four stages: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. Mitosis occurs only in eukaryotes. The DNA of the cell is replicated during interphase of the cell cycle and then segregated during the four phases of mitosis.
Meiosis
A type of cell division in which 4 daughter cells are produced, each having half the chromosome number of the parent cell; in plants, meiosis occurs in the sporangia on the sporophyte, and produces tetrads of haploid spores from the diploid spore mother cells; these spores typically grow into gametophytes; haploid cells cannot go through meiosis, since the haploid number of chromosomes is the minimum number a cell requires to survive.
Chromatids
The daughter strands of a duplicated chromosome joined together by a centromere.
Homologous
Of similar structure.
Chromosomes
Filaments of genetic material in every cell nucleus that are made up of genes and that transmit genetic information from one generation of cells to the next.
Cell
Fundamental structural unit of all life. The cell consists primarily of an outer plasma membrane, which separates it from the environment; the genetic material (DNA), which encodes heritable information for the maintainance of life; and the cytoplasm, a heterogeneous assemblage of ions, molecules, and fluid.
SIMILAR TERMS--------------------------------------
Anaphia
The inability to feel touch. From the Greek prefix an, not + Greek haphe, touch = inability to (feel) touch. A person with anaphia is said to be anaptic.
Anaphylactic shock
A severe and sometimes life-threatening immune system reaction to an antigen that a person has been previously exposed to. The reaction may include itchy skin, edema, collapsed blood vessels, fainting, and difficulty in breathing.
Anaphylactoid purpura
See: Sch”nlein-Henoch purpura.
Anaphylatoxin
Substance capable of releasing histamine from mast cells.
Anaphylaxis
Immediate hypersensitivity response to antigenic challenge, mediated by IgE and mast cells. It is a life-threatening allergic reaction, caused by the release of pharmacologically active agents.
Anaplasia
Characteristics of a cell (structure and orientation) that make it identifiable as a cancer cell. Malignant.
Anaplasmosis
A tick-borne disease of cattle, sheep, and related ruminants caused by a microorganism called Anaplasma marginale and characterized by anemia and jaundice. Also called gallsickness and gall sickness.
Anaplastology
The art and science of restoring a malformed or absent part of the human body through artificial means. An anaplastologist makes prosthetic devices. From the Greek ana, again, + plastos, formed. See also: Prosthesis.
Anaprox
See: Naproxen.
Anaprox ds
Anaprox ds is a prescription or over-the-counter drug which is (or once was) legal in the United States and possibly in other countries. Active ingredient(s): naproxen sodium.
Anaptic
Suffering from an impaired sense of touch, (a state called anaphia) or tactile anesthesia. An anaptic person has anaphia (an, not + Greek haphe, touch = inability to (feel) touch.
PREVIOUS AND NEXT TERMS--------------------------------------
Antidepressant
A term typically used to describe medications that are used in the treatment of depression. Such medications are sometimes found useful in the treatment of anxiety and panic disorders, but tend to still be called antidepressants because doctors originally used them to treat depression before realizing the medications could treat anxiety as well. In other words, taking an antidepressant does not necessarily imply that a person is depressed. Medications such as Serotonin Re-uptake Inhibitors (SRIs) and Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs) are often called antidepressants, yet are commonly used to treat anxiety as well.
Abilify
Commercial name for Aripiprazole. It is the sixth of the second generation antipsychotic (or atypical antipsychotic) medications to hit the market. Aripirazole is FDA approved for the treatment of schizophrenia. Additionally, it has recently received FDA approval for the treatment of acute manic and mixed episodes associated with bipolar disorder.
Ankle
A gliding joint between the distal ends of the tibia and fibula and the proximal end of the talus.
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH), or arginine vasopressin (AVP), is a peptide hormone produced by the hypothalamus, and stored in the posterior part of the pituitary gland. ADH acts on the kidneys, concentrating the urine by promoting the reabsorption of water from the cortical collecting duct.
Acetylcholine
The neurotransmitter substance at cholinergic synapses, which causes cardiac inhibition, vasodilation, gastrointestinal peristalsis, and other parasympathetic effects. It is liberated from preganglionic and postganglionic endings of parasympathetic fibers and from preganglionic fibers of the sympathetic as a result of nerve injuries, whereupon it acts as a transmitter on the effector organ; it is hydrolyzed into choline and acetic acid by acetylcholinesterase before a second impulse may be transmitted.
Anaphase
Adrenal cortex
The outer portion of the adrenal gland that secretes hormones that are vital to the body.
Adrenal gland
The pair of adrenal glands are located on top of both kidneys. Adrenal glands work hand-in-hand with the hypothalamus and pituitary gland.
Aldosterone
A hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex which affects blood pressure and saline balance.
Androgen hormone
A hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex which affects the development of male characteristics.
Acne vulgaris
Disease of the pilosebaceous unit (the sebaceous follicle, sebaceous glands and sebaceous ducts) and is characterized by comedones, pustules, papules, nodules, and cysts. It usually erupts during adolescence, but may continue to erupt even after adolescence.
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This dictionary contains 19186 terms.
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