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| This glossary contains: 19186 medical terms |
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Analysis, linkage
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Analysis, linkage"Study aimed at establishing linkage between genes. Today linkage analysis serves as a way of gene-hunting and genetic testing. Linkage is the tendency for genes and other genetic markers to be inherited together because of their location near one another on the same chromosome. A gene is a functional physical unit of heredity that can be passed from parent to child. All genes in humans are pieces of DNA. Most genes contain information for making a specific protein. The term ""genetic marker"" is broader than a gene. A genetic marker is simply a segment of DNA with an identifiable physical location on a chromosome whose inheritance can be followed. A genetic marker can have a function and thus be a gene. Or a marker can be a section of DNA with no known function.Because DNA segments that lie near each other on a chromosome tend to be inherited together, markers are often used as tools for tracking the inheritance pattern of a gene that has not yet been identified but whose approximate location is known. The statistical estimate of whether two loci are likely to lie near each other on a chromosome and are therefore likely to be inherited together is called a LOD score. A LOD score of 3 or more is generally taken to indicate that the two loci are linked and are close to one another."
RELATED TERMS--------------------------------------
Genes
Basic, functional units of heredity, each occupying a specific place on a chromosome.
Today
Today is a prescription or over-the-counter drug which is (or once was) approved in the United States and possibly in other countries. Active ingredient(s): nonoxynol-9.
Analysis
A psychology term for processes used to gain understanding of complex emotional or behavioral issues.
Genetic
Hereditary. Having to do with the genes.
Chromosome
A structural unit within a eukaryotic nucleus that carries genes. A chromosome consists of a long, continuous strand of DNA and associated proteins.
Gene
1. A unit of DNA that carries information for the biosynthesis of a specific product in the cell. 2. Ultimate unit by which inheritable characteristics are transmitted to succeeding generations in all living organisms. Genes are contained by, and arranged along the length of, the chromosome. The gene is composed of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). Each chromosome of each species has a definite number and arrangement of genes, which govern both the structure and metabolic functions of the cells and thus of the entire organism.
Heredity
Transmission of genetic traits from parents to children.
DNA
Deoxyribo-Nucleic acid. DNA molecules carry the genetic information necessary for the organization and functioning of most living cells and control the inheritance of characteristics.
Protein
Any of a group of complex organic compounds which contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and usually sulfur, the characteristic element being nitrogen. Proteins, the principal constituents of the protoplasm of all cells, are of high molecular weight and consist essentially of combinations of a-amino acids in peptide linkages. Twenty different amino acids are commonly found in proteins, and each protein has a unique genetically defined amino acid sequence which determines its specific shape and function. Their roles include enzymatic catalysis, transport and storage, coordinated motion, nerve impulse generation and many others.
SIMILAR TERMS--------------------------------------
Anal atresia
Congenital absence of an opening at the bottom end of the intestinal tract. Also called imperforate anus. Occurs in about 1 in 5,000 births. It is corrected by surgery.
Anal cancer
Colorectal cancer includes cancerous growths in the colon, rectum and appendix.It is the third most common form of cancer and the second leading cause of death among cancers in the Western world. Many colorectal cancers are thought to arise from polyps in the colon. These mushroom-like growths are usually benign, but some may develop into cancer over time. Diagnosis is by colonoscopy. Therapy is usually through surgery, with many cases also requiring chemotherapy.
Anal fissure
A small tear in the anus that may cause itching, pain, or bleeding.
Anal fistula
A channel that develops between the anus and the skin. Most fistulas are the result of an abscess (infection) that spreads to the skin.
Anal incontinence
"Inability to hold feces in the rectum. This is due to failure of voluntary control over the anal sphincters. This failure results in the untimely passage of feces and gas.There are many causes of anal incontinence, including congenital disorders of the spinal cord or anus; subsequent injuries to the rectum and anus; obstetric injuries during delivery; injury of the spinal cord; diabetic neuropathy (nerve damage); advanced Alzheimer disease or other forms of dementia; fecal impaction; and tumors. Also called rectal or fecal incontinence."
Anal papilla
A skin tag that projects up from the junction between the skin and the inside lining of the anus. Anal papillae tend to occur with anal fissures and may be detected on a digital examination of the anus or with a scope. Removal is only necessary if the anal papillae are causing symptoms.
Anal papillae
The plural of anal papilla. See: Anal papilla.
Anal stage
The period of pregenital psychosexual development, usually from 1 to 3 years, in which the child has particular interest and concern with the process of defecation and the sensations connected with the anus. The pleasurable part of the experience is termed anal eroticism.
Analbuminemia
1. Properly, an absence of albumin from the blood. 2. More loosely, a low level of albumin in the blood. Synonymous in this usage with hypoalbuminemia.
Analgesia
A state of pain relief; an agent lessening pain.
Analgesic
drug that relieves pain. With an effective analgesic, there is an inability to feel pain while still conscious. From the Greek an-, without + algesis, sense of pain.
Analgesic drug
A drug designed to control pain. Analgesic comes from the Greek an-, without + algesis, sense of pain = without a sense of pain.
Analingus
In sexology, stimulation of the anus with tongue and lips, not a paraphilia, but may be part of normophilic sexuoerotic activity as well as part of the sadomasochistic repertory.
Analism
A sexuoerotic interest in stimulation of the anus; not necessarily a paraphilia. With sexuoerotic potential in both sexes, the anus may be stimulated orally in analingus, digitally or with dildoes, through enemas in klismaphilia, and is used to receive the penis in anal intercourse, and the fist in brachioproctic eroticism or "fisting".
Analog
In biochemistry, a substance that is similar, but not identical, to another.
Analogous
In anatomy, similar in appearance or function but otherwise different. Two structures may be analogous if they serve the same purpose but differ evolutionary in origin as, for example, human and insect legs. As compared to homologous.
Analysis
A psychology term for processes used to gain understanding of complex emotional or behavioral issues.
Analytic sensitivity
The lowest level of a substance that can be detected by an analytic method.
Analytic specificity
How well an assay detects only a specific substance and does not detect closely related substances.
PREVIOUS AND NEXT TERMS--------------------------------------
Analgesic
drug that relieves pain. With an effective analgesic, there is an inability to feel pain while still conscious. From the Greek an-, without + algesis, sense of pain.
Analgesic drug
A drug designed to control pain. Analgesic comes from the Greek an-, without + algesis, sense of pain = without a sense of pain.
Analog
In biochemistry, a substance that is similar, but not identical, to another.
Analogous
In anatomy, similar in appearance or function but otherwise different. Two structures may be analogous if they serve the same purpose but differ evolutionary in origin as, for example, human and insect legs. As compared to homologous.
Analysis
A psychology term for processes used to gain understanding of complex emotional or behavioral issues.
Analysis, linkage
Analytic sensitivity
The lowest level of a substance that can be detected by an analytic method.
Analytic specificity
How well an assay detects only a specific substance and does not detect closely related substances.
Anaphia
The inability to feel touch. From the Greek prefix an, not + Greek haphe, touch = inability to (feel) touch. A person with anaphia is said to be anaptic.
Anaphylactoid purpura
See: Sch”nlein-Henoch purpura.
Anaplasmosis
A tick-borne disease of cattle, sheep, and related ruminants caused by a microorganism called Anaplasma marginale and characterized by anemia and jaundice. Also called gallsickness and gall sickness.
RELATED TERMS--------------------------------------
Genes
Basic, functional units of heredity, each occupying a specific place on a chromosome.
Today
Today is a prescription or over-the-counter drug which is (or once was) approved in the United States and possibly in other countries. Active ingredient(s): nonoxynol-9.
Analysis
A psychology term for processes used to gain understanding of complex emotional or behavioral issues.
Genetic
Hereditary. Having to do with the genes.
Chromosome
A structural unit within a eukaryotic nucleus that carries genes. A chromosome consists of a long, continuous strand of DNA and associated proteins.
Gene
1. A unit of DNA that carries information for the biosynthesis of a specific product in the cell. 2. Ultimate unit by which inheritable characteristics are transmitted to succeeding generations in all living organisms. Genes are contained by, and arranged along the length of, the chromosome. The gene is composed of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). Each chromosome of each species has a definite number and arrangement of genes, which govern both the structure and metabolic functions of the cells and thus of the entire organism.
Heredity
Transmission of genetic traits from parents to children.
DNA
Deoxyribo-Nucleic acid. DNA molecules carry the genetic information necessary for the organization and functioning of most living cells and control the inheritance of characteristics.
Protein
Any of a group of complex organic compounds which contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and usually sulfur, the characteristic element being nitrogen. Proteins, the principal constituents of the protoplasm of all cells, are of high molecular weight and consist essentially of combinations of a-amino acids in peptide linkages. Twenty different amino acids are commonly found in proteins, and each protein has a unique genetically defined amino acid sequence which determines its specific shape and function. Their roles include enzymatic catalysis, transport and storage, coordinated motion, nerve impulse generation and many others.
SIMILAR TERMS--------------------------------------
Anal atresia
Congenital absence of an opening at the bottom end of the intestinal tract. Also called imperforate anus. Occurs in about 1 in 5,000 births. It is corrected by surgery.
Anal cancer
Colorectal cancer includes cancerous growths in the colon, rectum and appendix.It is the third most common form of cancer and the second leading cause of death among cancers in the Western world. Many colorectal cancers are thought to arise from polyps in the colon. These mushroom-like growths are usually benign, but some may develop into cancer over time. Diagnosis is by colonoscopy. Therapy is usually through surgery, with many cases also requiring chemotherapy.
Anal fissure
A small tear in the anus that may cause itching, pain, or bleeding.
Anal fistula
A channel that develops between the anus and the skin. Most fistulas are the result of an abscess (infection) that spreads to the skin.
Anal incontinence
"Inability to hold feces in the rectum. This is due to failure of voluntary control over the anal sphincters. This failure results in the untimely passage of feces and gas.There are many causes of anal incontinence, including congenital disorders of the spinal cord or anus; subsequent injuries to the rectum and anus; obstetric injuries during delivery; injury of the spinal cord; diabetic neuropathy (nerve damage); advanced Alzheimer disease or other forms of dementia; fecal impaction; and tumors. Also called rectal or fecal incontinence."
Anal papilla
A skin tag that projects up from the junction between the skin and the inside lining of the anus. Anal papillae tend to occur with anal fissures and may be detected on a digital examination of the anus or with a scope. Removal is only necessary if the anal papillae are causing symptoms.
Anal papillae
The plural of anal papilla. See: Anal papilla.
Anal stage
The period of pregenital psychosexual development, usually from 1 to 3 years, in which the child has particular interest and concern with the process of defecation and the sensations connected with the anus. The pleasurable part of the experience is termed anal eroticism.
Analbuminemia
1. Properly, an absence of albumin from the blood. 2. More loosely, a low level of albumin in the blood. Synonymous in this usage with hypoalbuminemia.
Analgesia
A state of pain relief; an agent lessening pain.
Analgesic
drug that relieves pain. With an effective analgesic, there is an inability to feel pain while still conscious. From the Greek an-, without + algesis, sense of pain.
Analgesic drug
A drug designed to control pain. Analgesic comes from the Greek an-, without + algesis, sense of pain = without a sense of pain.
Analingus
In sexology, stimulation of the anus with tongue and lips, not a paraphilia, but may be part of normophilic sexuoerotic activity as well as part of the sadomasochistic repertory.
Analism
A sexuoerotic interest in stimulation of the anus; not necessarily a paraphilia. With sexuoerotic potential in both sexes, the anus may be stimulated orally in analingus, digitally or with dildoes, through enemas in klismaphilia, and is used to receive the penis in anal intercourse, and the fist in brachioproctic eroticism or "fisting".
Analog
In biochemistry, a substance that is similar, but not identical, to another.
Analogous
In anatomy, similar in appearance or function but otherwise different. Two structures may be analogous if they serve the same purpose but differ evolutionary in origin as, for example, human and insect legs. As compared to homologous.
Analysis
A psychology term for processes used to gain understanding of complex emotional or behavioral issues.
Analytic sensitivity
The lowest level of a substance that can be detected by an analytic method.
Analytic specificity
How well an assay detects only a specific substance and does not detect closely related substances.
PREVIOUS AND NEXT TERMS--------------------------------------
Analgesic
drug that relieves pain. With an effective analgesic, there is an inability to feel pain while still conscious. From the Greek an-, without + algesis, sense of pain.
Analgesic drug
A drug designed to control pain. Analgesic comes from the Greek an-, without + algesis, sense of pain = without a sense of pain.
Analog
In biochemistry, a substance that is similar, but not identical, to another.
Analogous
In anatomy, similar in appearance or function but otherwise different. Two structures may be analogous if they serve the same purpose but differ evolutionary in origin as, for example, human and insect legs. As compared to homologous.
Analysis
A psychology term for processes used to gain understanding of complex emotional or behavioral issues.
Analysis, linkage
Analytic sensitivity
The lowest level of a substance that can be detected by an analytic method.
Analytic specificity
How well an assay detects only a specific substance and does not detect closely related substances.
Anaphia
The inability to feel touch. From the Greek prefix an, not + Greek haphe, touch = inability to (feel) touch. A person with anaphia is said to be anaptic.
Anaphylactoid purpura
See: Sch”nlein-Henoch purpura.
Anaplasmosis
A tick-borne disease of cattle, sheep, and related ruminants caused by a microorganism called Anaplasma marginale and characterized by anemia and jaundice. Also called gallsickness and gall sickness.
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This dictionary contains 19186 terms.
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