Medical Glossary

This glossary contains:
19186
medical terms

Alveolar hydatid disease



Alveolar hydatid disease

"Abbreviated AHD. A parasitic disease caused by the larval stage of a microscopic tapeworm Echinococcus multilocularis. AHD is found worldwide, mostly in northern latitudes. in central Europe, Russia, China, Central Asia, Japan, and North America. In North America E. multilocularis is found primarily in the north central region from eastern Montana to central Ohio, as well as in Alaska and Canada. Human cases have been reported in Alaska, the province of Manitoba, and Minnesota. Prevalence among wild foxes and coyotes is high, and may reach over 50% in some areas; however, even in these areas, transmission to humans has been low. Wild foxes, coyotes, and cats get infected when they eat Echinococcus multilocularis larvae in infected rodents, field mice, or voles. Cats are less susceptible than dogs, but because they probably catch and eat rodents more often, may also become infected. Once the animal becomes infected, the tapeworm matures in its intestine, lays eggs, and the infected animal passes eggs in the stool. These tapeworm eggs, which are directly infectious to other animals, are too tiny to see, and will stick to anything with which they come in contact. Coyotes, foxes, dogs, and cats are not harmed by the tapeworm and do not have symptoms of AHD.

RELATED TERMS
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AHD
"Abbreviation for alveolar hydatid disease; American Hospital Directory; and atherosclerotic heart disease."

Disease
Illness or sickness often characterized by typical patient problems (symptoms) and physical findings (signs). Disruption sequence: The events that occur when a fetus that is developing normally is subjected to a destructive agent such as the rubella (German measles) virus.

Echinococcus
A tiny parasitic tapeworm. The larval stage of this tapeworm can cause human disease. There are three forms of Echinococcus that affect humans -- E. (Echinococcus) granulosus, E. multilocularis, and E. vogeli -- and each has a different geographic distribution and tends to cause a different pattern of disease. E. granulosus is common in areas where livestock is raised in association with dogs -- in Australia and New Zealand, Argentina and Chile, Africa, E. Europe, the Middle East, and the Mediterranean region, especially Lebanon and Greece -- and causes unilocular cysts. E. multilocularis is found in Alpine, sub-Arctic, or Arctic regions -- including Canada, the United States, and central and northern Europe and Asia -- and causes multilocular lung disease known as alveolar hydatid disease (AHD).

Central
In anatomy and medicine (as elsewhere), central is the opposite of "peripheral" which means away from the center.

Prevalence
Statistic that equals the total number of people in a population with a certain disease at a given time.

Intestine
The tube involved in digestion and extending from the stomach to the anus. Consists of the small intestine and the large intestine.

Stool
The solid wastes that pass through the rectum as bowel movements. Stools are undigested foods, bacteria, mucus, and dead cells. Also called feces.



SIMILAR TERMS
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Alveolar
"Pertaining to the alveoli, the tiny air sacs in the lungs. The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place in the alveoli which look like cells in a honeycomb. The word comes from the Latin diminutive of ""alveus"" meaning a cavity or hollow = a little cavity or hollow."

Alveolar bone
The jaw bone that anchors the roots of teeth.

Alveolar proteinosis
See: Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis.

Alveoli
The sacs in the lungs at the ends of the smallest airways where oxygen is exchanged for carbon dioxide in the blood.

Alveolitis
Inflammation of the alveoli, the air sacs in the lungs.

Alveolus
" One of the tiny air sacs located at the very ends of the bronchioles within the lungs where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place. The alveolus looks like a cell in a honeycomb. The word comes from the Latin diminutive of ""alveus"" meaning a cavity or hollow = a little cavity or hollow. The plural of alveolus is alveoli and the adjective is alveolar."



PREVIOUS AND NEXT TERMS
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Altitude, high
Altitude sickness occurs at high altitude.

Altretamine
Brand name: Hexalen. An oral drug used to treat ovarian cancer that has persisted or has recurred following treatment with other anti-cancer drugs. It was approved for this use by the FDA in 1990. Altretamine also has been used for treating lung cancer, although this is an off-label use.

Aluminum poisoning
See: Aluminum.

Aluminum toxicity
See: Aluminum.

Alveolar
"Pertaining to the alveoli, the tiny air sacs in the lungs. The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place in the alveoli which look like cells in a honeycomb. The word comes from the Latin diminutive of ""alveus"" meaning a cavity or hollow = a little cavity or hollow."

Alveolar hydatid disease

Alveolar proteinosis
See: Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis.

Alveolitis
Inflammation of the alveoli, the air sacs in the lungs.

Alveolus
" One of the tiny air sacs located at the very ends of the bronchioles within the lungs where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place. The alveolus looks like a cell in a honeycomb. The word comes from the Latin diminutive of ""alveus"" meaning a cavity or hollow = a little cavity or hollow. The plural of alveolus is alveoli and the adjective is alveolar."

Alvit
Trade name of the insecticide dieldrin. See: Aldrin and dieldrin.

Am
Symbol for americium.

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This dictionary contains 19186 terms.


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