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| This glossary contains: 19186 medical terms |
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Aldose Reductase
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Aldose ReductaseAn enzyme that is normally present in the eye and in many other parts of the body. It changes glucose (sugar) into a sugar alcohol called sorbitol. Too much sorbitol trapped in eye and nerve cells seems to damage these cells, and may be part of the cause of diabetic retinopathy and neuropathy. There are medications that interfere with aldose reductase.
RELATED TERMS--------------------------------------
Enzyme
A cellular protein whose shape allows it to hold together several other molecules in close proximity to each other. In this way, enzymes are able to induce chemical reactions in other substances with little expenditure of energy and without being changed themselves. Basically, an enzyme acts as a catalyst.
Glucose
The only simple carbohydrate that circulates in the bloodstream. Glucose is the primary fuel used by the brain. It can also be stored in the liver and muscles in a polymer form known as glycogen.
Sugar
A class of carbohydrates that taste sweet. Sugar is a quick and easy fuel for the body to use. Types of sugar are lactose, glucose, fructose, and sucrose.
Alcohol
An organic chemical in which one or more hydroxyl (OH) groups are attached to carbon (C) atoms in place of hydrogen (H) atoms. Common alcohols include ethyl alcohol or ethanol (found in alcoholic beverages), methyl alcohol or methanol (can cause blindness) and propyl alcohol or propanol (used as a solvent and antiseptic). Rubbing alcohol is a mixture of acetone, methyl isobutyl ketone, and ethyl alcohol. In everyday talk, alcohol usually refers to ethanol as, for example, in wine, beer, and liquor. It can cause changes in behavior and be addictive.
Nerve
Tissue that conveys sensation, temperature, position information to the brain.
Diabetic
Pertaining to Diabetes. Patient suffering from this condition.
Retinopathy
Degeneration of the retina.
Neuropathy
A disease of the nervous system. The three major forms in people with diabetes are peripheral neuropathy, autonomic neuropathy, and mononeuropathy. The most common form is peripheral neuropathy, which affects mainly the legs and feet.
SIMILAR TERMS--------------------------------------
Aldoclor-150
Aldoclor-150 is a prescription or over-the-counter drug which is (or once was) legal in the United States and possibly in other countries. Active ingredient(s): chlorothiazide; methyldopa .
Aldoclor-250
Aldoclor-250 is a prescription or over-the-counter drug which is (or once was) legal in the United States and possibly in other countries. Active ingredient(s): chlorothiazide; methyldopa .
Aldomet
Aldomet is a prescription or over-the-counter drug which is (or once was) legal in the United States and possibly in other countries. Active ingredient(s): methyldopa .
Aldoril 15
Aldoril 15 is a prescription or over-the-counter drug which is (or once was) legal in the United States and possibly in other countries. Active ingredient(s): hydrochlorothiazide; methyldopa .
Aldoril 25
Aldoril 25 is a prescription or over-the-counter drug which is (or once was) legal in the United States and possibly in other countries. Active ingredient(s): hydrochlorothiazide; methyldopa .
Aldoril d30
Aldoril d30 is a prescription or over-the-counter drug which is (or once was) legal in the United States and possibly in other countries. Active ingredient(s): hydrochlorothiazide; methyldopa .
Aldoril d50
Aldoril d50 is a prescription or over-the-counter drug which is (or once was) legal in the United States and possibly in other countries. Active ingredient(s): hydrochlorothiazide; methyldopa .
Aldose reductase inhibitor
A class of drugs used to prevent eye and nerve damage in diabetes. Aldose reductase is an enzyme that is normally present in the eye and in many other parts of the body. It helps change glucose into a sugar alcohol called sorbitol. Too much sorbitol trapped in eye and nerve cells can damage these cells, leading to retinopathy (retinal disease) and neuropathy (nerve disease). Drugs that prevent or slow the action of aldose reductase may represent a means to prevent or delay these complications of diabetes.
Aldosterone
A hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex which affects blood pressure and saline balance.
Aldosteronism
A condition resulting when the adrenal glands produce too much of the hormone aldosterone, which regulates fluids and salt in the body.
PREVIOUS AND NEXT TERMS--------------------------------------
Acetohexamide
A "first-generation" sulfonylurea pill taken to lower the level of glucose (sugar) in the blood. Only some people with Type 2 diabetes take these pills.
Adult-Onset Diabetes
Former term for Type 2 diabetes.
Advanced Glycation End Products (AGEs)
A group of compounds that may have a role in diabetes complications such as retinopathy, neuropathy, nephropathy, and vascular disease. At present it is not known if they are the cause or the consequence of the complications observed.
AII Antagonists
A type of drug used to lower blood pressure. They are currently approved for the treatment of essential hypertension. Clinical studies are currently in progress to determine whether they also have a role in the management of heart failure and in the prevention and management of diabetic kidney disease Also called AII Receptor Antagonists. AII is an acronym for Angiotensin II.
Aldose Reductase
Alpha Cell
A type of cell in the pancreas (in areas called the islets of Langerhans). Alpha cells make and release a hormone called glucagon, which raises the level of glucose (sugar) in the blood.
Alternate Site Testing
Using parts of the body other than the finger tips to obtain blood for blood glucose testing.
Amyotrophy
A type of diabetic neuropathy that causes muscle weakness and wasting.
Anomalies
Birth defects; abnormalities.
RELATED TERMS--------------------------------------
Enzyme
A cellular protein whose shape allows it to hold together several other molecules in close proximity to each other. In this way, enzymes are able to induce chemical reactions in other substances with little expenditure of energy and without being changed themselves. Basically, an enzyme acts as a catalyst.
Glucose
The only simple carbohydrate that circulates in the bloodstream. Glucose is the primary fuel used by the brain. It can also be stored in the liver and muscles in a polymer form known as glycogen.
Sugar
A class of carbohydrates that taste sweet. Sugar is a quick and easy fuel for the body to use. Types of sugar are lactose, glucose, fructose, and sucrose.
Alcohol
An organic chemical in which one or more hydroxyl (OH) groups are attached to carbon (C) atoms in place of hydrogen (H) atoms. Common alcohols include ethyl alcohol or ethanol (found in alcoholic beverages), methyl alcohol or methanol (can cause blindness) and propyl alcohol or propanol (used as a solvent and antiseptic). Rubbing alcohol is a mixture of acetone, methyl isobutyl ketone, and ethyl alcohol. In everyday talk, alcohol usually refers to ethanol as, for example, in wine, beer, and liquor. It can cause changes in behavior and be addictive.
Nerve
Tissue that conveys sensation, temperature, position information to the brain.
Diabetic
Pertaining to Diabetes. Patient suffering from this condition.
Retinopathy
Degeneration of the retina.
Neuropathy
A disease of the nervous system. The three major forms in people with diabetes are peripheral neuropathy, autonomic neuropathy, and mononeuropathy. The most common form is peripheral neuropathy, which affects mainly the legs and feet.
SIMILAR TERMS--------------------------------------
Aldoclor-150
Aldoclor-150 is a prescription or over-the-counter drug which is (or once was) legal in the United States and possibly in other countries. Active ingredient(s): chlorothiazide; methyldopa .
Aldoclor-250
Aldoclor-250 is a prescription or over-the-counter drug which is (or once was) legal in the United States and possibly in other countries. Active ingredient(s): chlorothiazide; methyldopa .
Aldomet
Aldomet is a prescription or over-the-counter drug which is (or once was) legal in the United States and possibly in other countries. Active ingredient(s): methyldopa .
Aldoril 15
Aldoril 15 is a prescription or over-the-counter drug which is (or once was) legal in the United States and possibly in other countries. Active ingredient(s): hydrochlorothiazide; methyldopa .
Aldoril 25
Aldoril 25 is a prescription or over-the-counter drug which is (or once was) legal in the United States and possibly in other countries. Active ingredient(s): hydrochlorothiazide; methyldopa .
Aldoril d30
Aldoril d30 is a prescription or over-the-counter drug which is (or once was) legal in the United States and possibly in other countries. Active ingredient(s): hydrochlorothiazide; methyldopa .
Aldoril d50
Aldoril d50 is a prescription or over-the-counter drug which is (or once was) legal in the United States and possibly in other countries. Active ingredient(s): hydrochlorothiazide; methyldopa .
Aldose reductase inhibitor
A class of drugs used to prevent eye and nerve damage in diabetes. Aldose reductase is an enzyme that is normally present in the eye and in many other parts of the body. It helps change glucose into a sugar alcohol called sorbitol. Too much sorbitol trapped in eye and nerve cells can damage these cells, leading to retinopathy (retinal disease) and neuropathy (nerve disease). Drugs that prevent or slow the action of aldose reductase may represent a means to prevent or delay these complications of diabetes.
Aldosterone
A hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex which affects blood pressure and saline balance.
Aldosteronism
A condition resulting when the adrenal glands produce too much of the hormone aldosterone, which regulates fluids and salt in the body.
PREVIOUS AND NEXT TERMS--------------------------------------
Acetohexamide
A "first-generation" sulfonylurea pill taken to lower the level of glucose (sugar) in the blood. Only some people with Type 2 diabetes take these pills.
Adult-Onset Diabetes
Former term for Type 2 diabetes.
Advanced Glycation End Products (AGEs)
A group of compounds that may have a role in diabetes complications such as retinopathy, neuropathy, nephropathy, and vascular disease. At present it is not known if they are the cause or the consequence of the complications observed.
AII Antagonists
A type of drug used to lower blood pressure. They are currently approved for the treatment of essential hypertension. Clinical studies are currently in progress to determine whether they also have a role in the management of heart failure and in the prevention and management of diabetic kidney disease Also called AII Receptor Antagonists. AII is an acronym for Angiotensin II.
Aldose Reductase
Alpha Cell
A type of cell in the pancreas (in areas called the islets of Langerhans). Alpha cells make and release a hormone called glucagon, which raises the level of glucose (sugar) in the blood.
Alternate Site Testing
Using parts of the body other than the finger tips to obtain blood for blood glucose testing.
Amyotrophy
A type of diabetic neuropathy that causes muscle weakness and wasting.
Anomalies
Birth defects; abnormalities.
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This dictionary contains 19186 terms.
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