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| This glossary contains: 19186 medical terms |
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Adipocyte
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AdipocyteA fat cell, a connective tissue cell that has differentiated and become specialized in the synthesis (manufacture) and storage of fat. The adipocyte is important to the body in maintaining proper energy balance, storing calories in the form of lipids, mobilizing energy sources in response to hormonal stimulation, and commanding changes by signal secretions. Under the microscope, the adipocyte appears bloated with triglycerides. The nucleus of the cell is displaced to one side by the fat. The cytoplasm of the cell looks like a thin line surrounding the pool of fat.
RELATED TERMS--------------------------------------
Cell
Fundamental structural unit of all life. The cell consists primarily of an outer plasma membrane, which separates it from the environment; the genetic material (DNA), which encodes heritable information for the maintainance of life; and the cytoplasm, a heterogeneous assemblage of ions, molecules, and fluid.
Tissue
Biological tissue is a group of cells that perform a similar function.The study of tissues is known as histology, or, in connection with disease, histopathology.The classical tools for studying the tissues are the wax block, the tissue stain, and the optical microscope, though developments in electron microscopy, immunofluorescence, and frozen sections have all added to the sum of knowledge in the last couple of decades.
Differentiated
Having developed into a specialized cell or tissue type .
Fat
A major energy source for animals and humans. Fat contains nine calories per gram.
Adipocyte
A fat cell, a connective tissue cell that has differentiated and become specialized in the synthesis (manufacture) and storage of fat. The adipocyte is important to the body in maintaining proper energy balance, storing calories in the form of lipids, mobilizing energy sources in response to hormonal stimulation, and commanding changes by signal secretions. Under the microscope, the adipocyte appears bloated with triglycerides. The nucleus of the cell is displaced to one side by the fat. The cytoplasm of the cell looks like a thin line surrounding the pool of fat.
Balance
A biological system that enables us to know where our bodies are in the environment and to maintain a desired position. Normal balance depends on information from the inner ear, other senses (such as sight and touch) and muscle movement.
Microscope
A microscope (Greek: micron = small and scopos = aim) is an instrument for viewing objects that are too small to be seen by the naked or unaided eye. The science of investigating small objects using such an instrument is called microscopy, and the term microscopic means minute or very small, not easily visible with the unaided eye. In other words, requiring a microscope to examine.
Nucleus
Plural: nuclei. The compartment of a cell that contains the chromosomes.
Cytoplasm
The living matter within a cell (excluding the nucleus) that is responsible for the function of the cell (for example, protein synthesis).
SIMILAR TERMS--------------------------------------
Adipex
A brand name for Phentermine, an appetite suppressant used to reduce calorie intake.
Adipex-p
Adipex-p is a prescription or over-the-counter drug which is (or once was) legal in the United States and possibly in other countries. Active ingredient(s): phentermine hydrochloride .
Adipose
"""Adipose"" means ""fat"" but is usually used to refer specifically to tissue made up of mainly fat cells such as the yellow layer of fat beneath the skin. The word ""adipose"" comes from the Latin ""adeps"" meaning ""fat, particularly lard."""
Adipose most abundant gene transcript 1
"""Adipose"" means ""fat"" but is usually used to refer specifically to tissue made up of mainly fat cells such as the yellow layer of fat beneath the skin. The word ""adipose"" comes from the Latin ""adeps"" meaning ""fat, particularly lard."""
PREVIOUS AND NEXT TERMS--------------------------------------
Adenosine deaminase (ADA)
An enzyme that plays a key role in salvaging purine molecules.
Adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency
A genetic (inherited) condition that results in a immune deficiency disorder called severe combined immunodeficiency disease. Adenosine deaminase is an enzyme that plays a key role in salvaging purine molecules. ADA deficiency is of special interest in the history of genetics. The first successful instance of gene therapy in humans was carried out in 1990 by Drs. W. French Anderson, R. Michael Blaese and Kenneth W. Culver who infused genetically engineered blood cells to repair ADA deficiency.
Adenosine thallium scan
A method of examining the heart to obtain information about the blood supply to the heart muscle. Special cameras take a series of pictures of the heart. Radioactive thallium is injected into the bloodstream and serves as a tracer. The tracer attaches to certain cells and makes them visible to the special camera. The tracer attaches to the muscle cells of the heart so the imaging camera can take pictures of the heart muscles. If an area of the heart does not receive an adequate flow of blood, the cells in the underserved area do not receive as much tracer and it appears as a darker area on the picture taken by the camera.
Adhesive capsulitis
"Constant severe limitation of the range of motion of the shoulder due to scarring around the shoulder joint. Adhesive capsulitis is an unwanted consequence of rotator cuff disease -- damage to the rotator cuff, the set of four tendons that stabilize the shoulder joint and help move the shoulder in diverse directions. Diabetes is also a risk factor for adhesive capsulitis. The affected joint is characteristically painful and tender to palpation. Physical therapy and corticosteroid injections (a ""cortisone shot"" into the joint) are often helpful. Surgery is reserved for more advanced cases. Also called a ""frozen shoulder"" because of loss of the ability to move the shoulder in all directions."
ADI
Acceptable daily intake.
Adipocyte
Adipose
"""Adipose"" means ""fat"" but is usually used to refer specifically to tissue made up of mainly fat cells such as the yellow layer of fat beneath the skin. The word ""adipose"" comes from the Latin ""adeps"" meaning ""fat, particularly lard."""
Adipose most abundant gene transcript 1
"""Adipose"" means ""fat"" but is usually used to refer specifically to tissue made up of mainly fat cells such as the yellow layer of fat beneath the skin. The word ""adipose"" comes from the Latin ""adeps"" meaning ""fat, particularly lard."""
Adjacent
Lying nearby. Related terms include superjacent, subjacent, and circumjacent. From ad-, near + the Latin jacere, to lie = to lie near.
Adjuvant
"The Latin ""adjuvans"" means to help, particularly to reach a goal. Adjuvant therapy for cancer is surgery followed by chemotherapy or radiation to help decrease the risk of the cancer recurring (coming back). An adjuvant is a substance that helps and enhances the pharmacological effect of a drug or increases the ability of an antigen to stimulate the immune system."
Adjuvant chemotherapy
Chemotherapy given after tumor surgery.The idea underpinning adjuvant chemotherapy is that the chemotherapy drugs are more effective after the main tumor has been removed and any remaining cancer is in small amounts (microscopic metastases). For example, in a case of colon cancer, the primary tumor would first be resected (removed) from the colon. Then the adjuvant chemotherapy would be carried out. The chemotherapy drugs might be given intravenously and instilled directly into the abdomen.
RELATED TERMS--------------------------------------
Cell
Fundamental structural unit of all life. The cell consists primarily of an outer plasma membrane, which separates it from the environment; the genetic material (DNA), which encodes heritable information for the maintainance of life; and the cytoplasm, a heterogeneous assemblage of ions, molecules, and fluid.
Tissue
Biological tissue is a group of cells that perform a similar function.The study of tissues is known as histology, or, in connection with disease, histopathology.The classical tools for studying the tissues are the wax block, the tissue stain, and the optical microscope, though developments in electron microscopy, immunofluorescence, and frozen sections have all added to the sum of knowledge in the last couple of decades.
Differentiated
Having developed into a specialized cell or tissue type .
Fat
A major energy source for animals and humans. Fat contains nine calories per gram.
Adipocyte
A fat cell, a connective tissue cell that has differentiated and become specialized in the synthesis (manufacture) and storage of fat. The adipocyte is important to the body in maintaining proper energy balance, storing calories in the form of lipids, mobilizing energy sources in response to hormonal stimulation, and commanding changes by signal secretions. Under the microscope, the adipocyte appears bloated with triglycerides. The nucleus of the cell is displaced to one side by the fat. The cytoplasm of the cell looks like a thin line surrounding the pool of fat.
Balance
A biological system that enables us to know where our bodies are in the environment and to maintain a desired position. Normal balance depends on information from the inner ear, other senses (such as sight and touch) and muscle movement.
Microscope
A microscope (Greek: micron = small and scopos = aim) is an instrument for viewing objects that are too small to be seen by the naked or unaided eye. The science of investigating small objects using such an instrument is called microscopy, and the term microscopic means minute or very small, not easily visible with the unaided eye. In other words, requiring a microscope to examine.
Nucleus
Plural: nuclei. The compartment of a cell that contains the chromosomes.
Cytoplasm
The living matter within a cell (excluding the nucleus) that is responsible for the function of the cell (for example, protein synthesis).
SIMILAR TERMS--------------------------------------
Adipex
A brand name for Phentermine, an appetite suppressant used to reduce calorie intake.
Adipex-p
Adipex-p is a prescription or over-the-counter drug which is (or once was) legal in the United States and possibly in other countries. Active ingredient(s): phentermine hydrochloride .
Adipose
"""Adipose"" means ""fat"" but is usually used to refer specifically to tissue made up of mainly fat cells such as the yellow layer of fat beneath the skin. The word ""adipose"" comes from the Latin ""adeps"" meaning ""fat, particularly lard."""
Adipose most abundant gene transcript 1
"""Adipose"" means ""fat"" but is usually used to refer specifically to tissue made up of mainly fat cells such as the yellow layer of fat beneath the skin. The word ""adipose"" comes from the Latin ""adeps"" meaning ""fat, particularly lard."""
PREVIOUS AND NEXT TERMS--------------------------------------
Adenosine deaminase (ADA)
An enzyme that plays a key role in salvaging purine molecules.
Adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency
A genetic (inherited) condition that results in a immune deficiency disorder called severe combined immunodeficiency disease. Adenosine deaminase is an enzyme that plays a key role in salvaging purine molecules. ADA deficiency is of special interest in the history of genetics. The first successful instance of gene therapy in humans was carried out in 1990 by Drs. W. French Anderson, R. Michael Blaese and Kenneth W. Culver who infused genetically engineered blood cells to repair ADA deficiency.
Adenosine thallium scan
A method of examining the heart to obtain information about the blood supply to the heart muscle. Special cameras take a series of pictures of the heart. Radioactive thallium is injected into the bloodstream and serves as a tracer. The tracer attaches to certain cells and makes them visible to the special camera. The tracer attaches to the muscle cells of the heart so the imaging camera can take pictures of the heart muscles. If an area of the heart does not receive an adequate flow of blood, the cells in the underserved area do not receive as much tracer and it appears as a darker area on the picture taken by the camera.
Adhesive capsulitis
"Constant severe limitation of the range of motion of the shoulder due to scarring around the shoulder joint. Adhesive capsulitis is an unwanted consequence of rotator cuff disease -- damage to the rotator cuff, the set of four tendons that stabilize the shoulder joint and help move the shoulder in diverse directions. Diabetes is also a risk factor for adhesive capsulitis. The affected joint is characteristically painful and tender to palpation. Physical therapy and corticosteroid injections (a ""cortisone shot"" into the joint) are often helpful. Surgery is reserved for more advanced cases. Also called a ""frozen shoulder"" because of loss of the ability to move the shoulder in all directions."
ADI
Acceptable daily intake.
Adipocyte
Adipose
"""Adipose"" means ""fat"" but is usually used to refer specifically to tissue made up of mainly fat cells such as the yellow layer of fat beneath the skin. The word ""adipose"" comes from the Latin ""adeps"" meaning ""fat, particularly lard."""
Adipose most abundant gene transcript 1
"""Adipose"" means ""fat"" but is usually used to refer specifically to tissue made up of mainly fat cells such as the yellow layer of fat beneath the skin. The word ""adipose"" comes from the Latin ""adeps"" meaning ""fat, particularly lard."""
Adjacent
Lying nearby. Related terms include superjacent, subjacent, and circumjacent. From ad-, near + the Latin jacere, to lie = to lie near.
Adjuvant
"The Latin ""adjuvans"" means to help, particularly to reach a goal. Adjuvant therapy for cancer is surgery followed by chemotherapy or radiation to help decrease the risk of the cancer recurring (coming back). An adjuvant is a substance that helps and enhances the pharmacological effect of a drug or increases the ability of an antigen to stimulate the immune system."
Adjuvant chemotherapy
Chemotherapy given after tumor surgery.The idea underpinning adjuvant chemotherapy is that the chemotherapy drugs are more effective after the main tumor has been removed and any remaining cancer is in small amounts (microscopic metastases). For example, in a case of colon cancer, the primary tumor would first be resected (removed) from the colon. Then the adjuvant chemotherapy would be carried out. The chemotherapy drugs might be given intravenously and instilled directly into the abdomen.
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This dictionary contains 19186 terms.
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