|
 |
||
 |
| This glossary contains: 19186 medical terms |
 |
Addisonian anemia
|
|
Addisonian anemiaA blood disorder caused by a lack of vitamin B12. Patients who have this disorder do not produce the substance in the stomach that allows the body to absorb vitamin B12. This substance is called intrinsic factor (IF). Addisonian anemia, also called pernicious anemia (PA), is characterized by the presence in the blood of large, immature, nucleated cells (megaloblasts) that are forerunners of red blood cells. (Red blood cells, when mature, have no nucleus). It is thus a type of megaloblastic anemia.
RELATED TERMS--------------------------------------
Blood
The life-maintaining fluid which is made up of plasma, red blood cells (erythrocytes), white blood cells (leukocytes), and platelets; blood circulates through the body's heart, arteries, veins, and capillaries; it carries away waste matter and carbon dioxide, and brings nourishment, electrolytes, hormones, vitamins, antibodies, heat, and oxygen to the tissues.
Vitamin
Any of many organic substances that are vital in small amounts to the normal functioning of the body. Vitamins are found in food, produced by the body, and manufactured synthetically; along with minerals, they are known as micronutrients.
Stomach
The organ between the esophagus and the small intestine. The stomach is where digestion of protein begins.
Anemia
Anemia is a condition in which a deficiency in the size or number of erythrocytes (red blood cells) or the amount of hemoglobin they contain limits the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the blood and the tissue cells. Most anemias are caused by a lack of nutrients required for normal erythrocyte synthesis, principally iron, vitamin B-12, and folic acid. Others result from a variety of conditions, such as hemorrhage, genetic abnormalities, chronic disease states or drug toxicity.
Pernicious
Fatal.
SIMILAR TERMS--------------------------------------
Addiction
Strong dependence or habitual use of a substance or practice, despite the negative consequences of its use.
Addiction treatment
A set of medical actions aiming to reduce and reverse addiction.
Addiction, computer
See: Computer addiction.
Addictiveness
A substance's power to make users dependent (addicted) to its further use. Substances are less or more addictive depending on their chemical composition and their effects on the body and mind.
Addison's disease
Addison's disease (also known as chronic adrenal insufficiency, or hypocortisolism) is a rare endocrine disorder. It is a disease that results from a decrease in corticosteroid secretion from the adrenal gland.
Additive genetic effects
A mechanism of quantitative inheritance such that the combined effects of genetic alleles at two or more gene loci are equal to the sum of their individual effects.
PREVIOUS AND NEXT TERMS--------------------------------------
ADAMTS2
"A gene that encodes a metalloproteinase enzyme. This enzyme is responsible for processing type I, type II, and type V procollagen proteins. Procollagens are the precursors of collagens, the proteins that add strength and support to many body tissues. Specifically, this enzyme clips a short chain of amino acids off of one end of the procollagen. The clipping step is necessary for proper assembly and function of collagen molecules. Mutations in the ADAMTS2 gene have been identified in patients with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, dermatosparaxis type. These mutations greatly reduce the production of the enzyme made by ADAMTS2. Procollagen cannot be processed correctly without this enzyme. As a result, type I collagen fibrils are not assembled properly; they appear ribbon-like and disorganized under the microscope. Cross-links, or chemical interactions, between collagen fibrils are also affected. These defects weaken connective tissue, particularly in the skin, which causes the symptoms of the disorder. The ADAMTS2 gene is located on the long (q) arm of chromosome 5 at the end (terminal) of the arm. ADAMTS2 stands for A disintegrin-like and metalloprotease with thrombospondin type 1 motif, 2."
Adapter protein
A protein acts as a connecting molecule. An adapter protein is critical to intermolecular interactions and plays a role in the regulation of signal transduction initiated by engagement of surface receptors on all cell types. Some adapter proteins are expressed in all tissues, while the expression of other adapter proteins is restricted to specific tissues.
ADCC (antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotox.)
An immune response in which antibodies, by coating target cells, makes them vulnerable to attack by immune cells. Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity is commonly (and blissfully) abbreviated ADCC.
ADD (attention deficit disorder)
"An inability to control behavior due to difficulty in processing neural stimuli. In November, 1998 the National Institutes of Health (NIH) issued a consensus report developed by a panel of experts. The panel concluded that:
Addiction, computer
See: Computer addiction.
Addisonian anemia
Additive genetic effects
A mechanism of quantitative inheritance such that the combined effects of genetic alleles at two or more gene loci are equal to the sum of their individual effects.
Adducted thumbs with mental retardation
"A syndrome with the following characteristic features:
Adduction
"Movement of a limb toward the midline of the body. The opposite of adduction is abduction. An adductor muscle pulls toward the midline of the body. For example, the adductor muscles of the legs pull the legs toward the midline of the body so the legs are closer together. From the Latin prefix ""ad"" meaning ""toward"" + ""ducere"" meaning ""to draw or lead"" = ""to draw toward."""
Adductor muscle
"Any muscle that pulls a body part toward the midline. For example, the adductor muscles of the legs pull the legs toward the midline of the body so the legs are closer together. The word ""adductor"" comes from the Latin prefix ""ad"" meaning ""toward"" + ""ducere"" meaning ""to draw or lead"" = ""to draw toward."" The opposite of ""adductor"" is ""abductor."" An adductor muscle opposes an abductor muscle."
Adductor spasmodic dysphonia
A disorder in which sudden muscle spasms cause the vocal folds (or vocal cords) to slam together. See: spasmodic dysphonia.
RELATED TERMS--------------------------------------
Blood
The life-maintaining fluid which is made up of plasma, red blood cells (erythrocytes), white blood cells (leukocytes), and platelets; blood circulates through the body's heart, arteries, veins, and capillaries; it carries away waste matter and carbon dioxide, and brings nourishment, electrolytes, hormones, vitamins, antibodies, heat, and oxygen to the tissues.
Vitamin
Any of many organic substances that are vital in small amounts to the normal functioning of the body. Vitamins are found in food, produced by the body, and manufactured synthetically; along with minerals, they are known as micronutrients.
Stomach
The organ between the esophagus and the small intestine. The stomach is where digestion of protein begins.
Anemia
Anemia is a condition in which a deficiency in the size or number of erythrocytes (red blood cells) or the amount of hemoglobin they contain limits the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the blood and the tissue cells. Most anemias are caused by a lack of nutrients required for normal erythrocyte synthesis, principally iron, vitamin B-12, and folic acid. Others result from a variety of conditions, such as hemorrhage, genetic abnormalities, chronic disease states or drug toxicity.
Pernicious
Fatal.
SIMILAR TERMS--------------------------------------
Addiction
Strong dependence or habitual use of a substance or practice, despite the negative consequences of its use.
Addiction treatment
A set of medical actions aiming to reduce and reverse addiction.
Addiction, computer
See: Computer addiction.
Addictiveness
A substance's power to make users dependent (addicted) to its further use. Substances are less or more addictive depending on their chemical composition and their effects on the body and mind.
Addison's disease
Addison's disease (also known as chronic adrenal insufficiency, or hypocortisolism) is a rare endocrine disorder. It is a disease that results from a decrease in corticosteroid secretion from the adrenal gland.
Additive genetic effects
A mechanism of quantitative inheritance such that the combined effects of genetic alleles at two or more gene loci are equal to the sum of their individual effects.
PREVIOUS AND NEXT TERMS--------------------------------------
ADAMTS2
"A gene that encodes a metalloproteinase enzyme. This enzyme is responsible for processing type I, type II, and type V procollagen proteins. Procollagens are the precursors of collagens, the proteins that add strength and support to many body tissues. Specifically, this enzyme clips a short chain of amino acids off of one end of the procollagen. The clipping step is necessary for proper assembly and function of collagen molecules. Mutations in the ADAMTS2 gene have been identified in patients with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, dermatosparaxis type. These mutations greatly reduce the production of the enzyme made by ADAMTS2. Procollagen cannot be processed correctly without this enzyme. As a result, type I collagen fibrils are not assembled properly; they appear ribbon-like and disorganized under the microscope. Cross-links, or chemical interactions, between collagen fibrils are also affected. These defects weaken connective tissue, particularly in the skin, which causes the symptoms of the disorder. The ADAMTS2 gene is located on the long (q) arm of chromosome 5 at the end (terminal) of the arm. ADAMTS2 stands for A disintegrin-like and metalloprotease with thrombospondin type 1 motif, 2."
Adapter protein
A protein acts as a connecting molecule. An adapter protein is critical to intermolecular interactions and plays a role in the regulation of signal transduction initiated by engagement of surface receptors on all cell types. Some adapter proteins are expressed in all tissues, while the expression of other adapter proteins is restricted to specific tissues.
ADCC (antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotox.)
An immune response in which antibodies, by coating target cells, makes them vulnerable to attack by immune cells. Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity is commonly (and blissfully) abbreviated ADCC.
ADD (attention deficit disorder)
"An inability to control behavior due to difficulty in processing neural stimuli. In November, 1998 the National Institutes of Health (NIH) issued a consensus report developed by a panel of experts. The panel concluded that:
Addiction, computer
See: Computer addiction.
Addisonian anemia
Additive genetic effects
A mechanism of quantitative inheritance such that the combined effects of genetic alleles at two or more gene loci are equal to the sum of their individual effects.
Adducted thumbs with mental retardation
"A syndrome with the following characteristic features:
Adduction
"Movement of a limb toward the midline of the body. The opposite of adduction is abduction. An adductor muscle pulls toward the midline of the body. For example, the adductor muscles of the legs pull the legs toward the midline of the body so the legs are closer together. From the Latin prefix ""ad"" meaning ""toward"" + ""ducere"" meaning ""to draw or lead"" = ""to draw toward."""
Adductor muscle
"Any muscle that pulls a body part toward the midline. For example, the adductor muscles of the legs pull the legs toward the midline of the body so the legs are closer together. The word ""adductor"" comes from the Latin prefix ""ad"" meaning ""toward"" + ""ducere"" meaning ""to draw or lead"" = ""to draw toward."" The opposite of ""adductor"" is ""abductor."" An adductor muscle opposes an abductor muscle."
Adductor spasmodic dysphonia
A disorder in which sudden muscle spasms cause the vocal folds (or vocal cords) to slam together. See: spasmodic dysphonia.
We thank you for using the Medical Glossary to search for Addisonian anemia. If you have a better definition for Addisonian anemia than the one presented here, please let us know by making use of the suggest a term option. This definition of Addisonian anemia may be disputed by other professionals. Our attempt is to provide easy definitions on Addisonian anemia and any other medical topic for the public at large.
This dictionary contains 19186 terms.
|
|