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| This glossary contains: 19186 medical terms |
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ALMS1
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ALMS1A gene on chromosome 2p13. Alstrom syndrome is caused by mutation of ALMS1.
RELATED TERMS--------------------------------------
Gene
1. A unit of DNA that carries information for the biosynthesis of a specific product in the cell. 2. Ultimate unit by which inheritable characteristics are transmitted to succeeding generations in all living organisms. Genes are contained by, and arranged along the length of, the chromosome. The gene is composed of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). Each chromosome of each species has a definite number and arrangement of genes, which govern both the structure and metabolic functions of the cells and thus of the entire organism.
Chromosome
A structural unit within a eukaryotic nucleus that carries genes. A chromosome consists of a long, continuous strand of DNA and associated proteins.
Syndrome
A grouping of signs and symptoms, based on their frequent co-occurrence, that may suggest a common underlying pathogenesis, course, familial pattern, or treatment selection.
Mutation
A change in DNA that alters a gene and thus the gene's product, leading in some cases to deformity or disease. Mutations can occur spontaneously during cell division or can be triggered by environmental stresses, such as sunlight, radiation, and chemicals.
ALMS1
A gene on chromosome 2p13. Alstrom syndrome is caused by mutation of ALMS1.
SIMILAR TERMS--------------------------------------
PREVIOUS AND NEXT TERMS--------------------------------------
Allopath
Or allopathist. A term sometimes applied to a physician who practices conventional medicine (allopathy).
Allopathic
Pertaining to allopathy (conventional medicine). The term was coined in 1842 by C.F.S. Hahnemann to designate the usual practice of medicine as opposed to homeopathy, the system of therapy that he founded.
Allopathic medicine
"The system of medical practice which treats disease by the use of remedies which produce effects different from those produced by the disease under treatment. MDs practice allopathic medicine. Also called conventional medicine. The term ""allopathy"" was coined in 1842 by C.F.S. Hahnemann to designate the usual practice of medicine (allopathy) as opposed to homeopathy, the system of therapy that he founded based on the concept that disease can be treated with drugs (in minute doses) thought capable of producing the same symptoms in healthy people as the disease itself."
Allopathist
See: Allopath.
Allopathy
"The system of medical practice which treats disease by the use of remedies which produce effects different from those produced by the disease under treatment. MDs practice allopathic medicine. The term ""allopathy"" was coined in 1842 by C.F.S. Hahnemann to designate the usual practice of medicine (allopathy) as opposed to homeopathy, the system of therapy that he founded based on the concept that disease can be treated with drugs (in minute doses) thought capable of producing the same symptoms in healthy people as the disease itself."
ALMS1
Alopecia capitis totalis
Loss of all of the scalp hair. Alopecia means baldness and capitis refers to the head. Alopecia capitis totalis is thus total baldness of the scalp with normal hair elsewhere on the body.
Alopecia universalis
"Absence of all of the hair, not only on the scalp, but also on the entire body. Affected individuals are born without eyebrows and eyelashes and never develop axillary or pubic hair. There are hair follicles but they are devoid of hair. The disorder is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait. It is caused by a mutation in a gene dubbed HR in chromosome band 8p21.2 that is the human homolog of the mouse ""hairless"" gene -- the human version of the gene in the mouse that is responsible for hairless mice."
Alopecia, traumatic
Hair loss caused by injury to the scalp. Traumatic alopecia is usually caused by grooming methods that attempt to straighten the natural kinkiness of hair in order to make the hair more manageable. It is a result of stress traction injury from tight rollers and braiding as well as overheating the hair shafts. Vigorous combing and chemical bleaches and styling products can additionally irritate the scalp to cause further hair loss. Traumatic alopecia commonly occurs on both sides of the scalp and the broken-off hairs are frequently visible. Traumatic alopecia is treated by discontinuing the styling practices causing the hair and scalp injury. Partial or complete regrowth of hair can follow, but permanent loss of hair can occur when the roots of the hairs are severely damaged. To minimize risk of injury to scalp, if a person decides to continue or resume styling, it is best to use looser and larger wrapping and braids to reduce tension on the scalp and hair. Chemicals should only be applied to the hair and not the scalp directly. The hair should be unbraided at least every two weeks. Traumatic alopecia in the United States is a common form of hair loss in African-American women.
ALOX5AP
Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein. See: FLAP.
Alpers disease
"A progressive disease of the nervous system characterized by spasticity (tightness), myoclonus and dementia and by liver problems with jaundice and cirrhosis. This disorder, first described by Alpers in 1931 as ""Diffuse progressive degeneration of gray matter of cerebrum"", usually begins early in life with convulsions. A continuous seizure (status epilepticus) is often the final event. Alpers disease is due to more than one cause. Some cases are inherited as autosomal recessive traits with both parents appearing normal but carrying one Alpers gene and each of their children, boys and girls alike, standing a 1 in 4 risk of receiving both of the parental Alpers genes and of suffering from this dread disease. Other cases of Alpers disease are disorders of oxidative phosphorylation, including mitochondrial DNA depletion syndromes. (Phosphorylation is the addition of phosphate to an organic compound, such as the addition of phosphate to ADP [adenosine diphosphate] to form ATP [adenosine triphosphate] or the addition of phosphate to glucose to produce glucose monophosphate, through the action of enzymes known as phosphotransferases or kinases.) Alpers disease is also called Alpers progressive infantile poliodystrophy, progressive infantile poliodystrophy, diffuse degeneration of cerebral gray matter with hepatic cirrhosis, and Alpers diffuse degeneration of cerebral gray matter with hepatic cirrhosis."
RELATED TERMS--------------------------------------
Gene
1. A unit of DNA that carries information for the biosynthesis of a specific product in the cell. 2. Ultimate unit by which inheritable characteristics are transmitted to succeeding generations in all living organisms. Genes are contained by, and arranged along the length of, the chromosome. The gene is composed of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). Each chromosome of each species has a definite number and arrangement of genes, which govern both the structure and metabolic functions of the cells and thus of the entire organism.
Chromosome
A structural unit within a eukaryotic nucleus that carries genes. A chromosome consists of a long, continuous strand of DNA and associated proteins.
Syndrome
A grouping of signs and symptoms, based on their frequent co-occurrence, that may suggest a common underlying pathogenesis, course, familial pattern, or treatment selection.
Mutation
A change in DNA that alters a gene and thus the gene's product, leading in some cases to deformity or disease. Mutations can occur spontaneously during cell division or can be triggered by environmental stresses, such as sunlight, radiation, and chemicals.
ALMS1
A gene on chromosome 2p13. Alstrom syndrome is caused by mutation of ALMS1.
SIMILAR TERMS--------------------------------------
PREVIOUS AND NEXT TERMS--------------------------------------
Allopath
Or allopathist. A term sometimes applied to a physician who practices conventional medicine (allopathy).
Allopathic
Pertaining to allopathy (conventional medicine). The term was coined in 1842 by C.F.S. Hahnemann to designate the usual practice of medicine as opposed to homeopathy, the system of therapy that he founded.
Allopathic medicine
"The system of medical practice which treats disease by the use of remedies which produce effects different from those produced by the disease under treatment. MDs practice allopathic medicine. Also called conventional medicine. The term ""allopathy"" was coined in 1842 by C.F.S. Hahnemann to designate the usual practice of medicine (allopathy) as opposed to homeopathy, the system of therapy that he founded based on the concept that disease can be treated with drugs (in minute doses) thought capable of producing the same symptoms in healthy people as the disease itself."
Allopathist
See: Allopath.
Allopathy
"The system of medical practice which treats disease by the use of remedies which produce effects different from those produced by the disease under treatment. MDs practice allopathic medicine. The term ""allopathy"" was coined in 1842 by C.F.S. Hahnemann to designate the usual practice of medicine (allopathy) as opposed to homeopathy, the system of therapy that he founded based on the concept that disease can be treated with drugs (in minute doses) thought capable of producing the same symptoms in healthy people as the disease itself."
ALMS1
Alopecia capitis totalis
Loss of all of the scalp hair. Alopecia means baldness and capitis refers to the head. Alopecia capitis totalis is thus total baldness of the scalp with normal hair elsewhere on the body.
Alopecia universalis
"Absence of all of the hair, not only on the scalp, but also on the entire body. Affected individuals are born without eyebrows and eyelashes and never develop axillary or pubic hair. There are hair follicles but they are devoid of hair. The disorder is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait. It is caused by a mutation in a gene dubbed HR in chromosome band 8p21.2 that is the human homolog of the mouse ""hairless"" gene -- the human version of the gene in the mouse that is responsible for hairless mice."
Alopecia, traumatic
Hair loss caused by injury to the scalp. Traumatic alopecia is usually caused by grooming methods that attempt to straighten the natural kinkiness of hair in order to make the hair more manageable. It is a result of stress traction injury from tight rollers and braiding as well as overheating the hair shafts. Vigorous combing and chemical bleaches and styling products can additionally irritate the scalp to cause further hair loss. Traumatic alopecia commonly occurs on both sides of the scalp and the broken-off hairs are frequently visible. Traumatic alopecia is treated by discontinuing the styling practices causing the hair and scalp injury. Partial or complete regrowth of hair can follow, but permanent loss of hair can occur when the roots of the hairs are severely damaged. To minimize risk of injury to scalp, if a person decides to continue or resume styling, it is best to use looser and larger wrapping and braids to reduce tension on the scalp and hair. Chemicals should only be applied to the hair and not the scalp directly. The hair should be unbraided at least every two weeks. Traumatic alopecia in the United States is a common form of hair loss in African-American women.
ALOX5AP
Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein. See: FLAP.
Alpers disease
"A progressive disease of the nervous system characterized by spasticity (tightness), myoclonus and dementia and by liver problems with jaundice and cirrhosis. This disorder, first described by Alpers in 1931 as ""Diffuse progressive degeneration of gray matter of cerebrum"", usually begins early in life with convulsions. A continuous seizure (status epilepticus) is often the final event. Alpers disease is due to more than one cause. Some cases are inherited as autosomal recessive traits with both parents appearing normal but carrying one Alpers gene and each of their children, boys and girls alike, standing a 1 in 4 risk of receiving both of the parental Alpers genes and of suffering from this dread disease. Other cases of Alpers disease are disorders of oxidative phosphorylation, including mitochondrial DNA depletion syndromes. (Phosphorylation is the addition of phosphate to an organic compound, such as the addition of phosphate to ADP [adenosine diphosphate] to form ATP [adenosine triphosphate] or the addition of phosphate to glucose to produce glucose monophosphate, through the action of enzymes known as phosphotransferases or kinases.) Alpers disease is also called Alpers progressive infantile poliodystrophy, progressive infantile poliodystrophy, diffuse degeneration of cerebral gray matter with hepatic cirrhosis, and Alpers diffuse degeneration of cerebral gray matter with hepatic cirrhosis."
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This dictionary contains 19186 terms.
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